22 BULLETIN 711, U. S. DEPAETMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



OBADING EULES FOR SPRUCE, PINE, AND HEMLOCK. 



No. 1 logs. 



Logs 12 feet or over in length, 30 inches in diameter and over, up to 32 feet 

 long ; 28 inches if over 32 feet long ; reasonably straight, clear, free from such 

 defects as would impair their value for clear lumber. 



No. 2 logs. 



Logs not less than 14 inches in diameter, sound, reasonably straight, free from 

 rotten knots or bunch knots; the grain straight enough to insure strength. 



No. 3 logs. 



Logs having visible defects such as crooks, bad knots, or other defects that 

 would lower the grade below merchantable or No. 2. 



Culls. 



Logs which will not cut 50 per cent of their contents in salable lumber shall 

 be classed as culls. 



GRADING RITLES EOE SHINGLE BOLTS. 



Bolts to be measured in the following manner: To be as closely piled as 

 possible, 4 feet high, 8 feet long, and the average number of pieces taken in 

 the piles; the quantity to be obtained by dividnig the number of pieces by the 

 average contained in the piles. If piled loosely, sufficient allowance to be made 

 to make up a cord of closely piled bolts. 



No. 1 holts. 



(c) To be of first-class timber of an average of not more than 30 bolts to the 

 cord, 52 to 54 inches in length, straight, well made, hearted, and barked. 



( & ) Seventy per cent of the bolts to be clear ; balance to allow of two small 

 knots in each bolt, 1 inch in diameter. 



(c) To be free from rot, shakes, and knot holes and other defects. 



No. 2 holts. 



(a) To be well made, hearted, and barked, and of p.n average of not more 

 than 36 bolts to the cord, 52 to 54 inches in length. 

 (6) To be free from rot, shakes, and worm holes. 



No. S holts. 



(a) To be hearted and barked, not more than 40 bolts to the cord, 52 to 54 

 inches in length. 



(b) Twenty-five per cent to be clear; balance to allow any bolt which has 

 two cuts, with one knot 2 inches in diameter in each cut. 



(c) To be free from rot, shakes, and worm holes; any bolts not up to stand- 

 ard of the grades to be considered culls. 



