LOGGING IN THE DOUGLAS FIR REGION, 



43 



with an iron spur. The springboard, with the spur uppermost, is 

 thrust into a horizontally based notch cut into the tree. When the 

 faller's weight is applied to the outer end of the board the spur is 

 forced into the wood, preventing 

 the board from slipping, keep- 

 ing it level, and allowing it to be 

 swung around with the iron spur 

 serving as a hinge. The boards 

 are made in the camps, generally 

 by the blacksmith or filer, of ma- 

 ple or Douglas fir, generally the 

 former. The irons or spurs (fig. 

 9), as a rule, are made by the camp blacksmith, although they may 

 be purchased for about $1.25 per set. 



Chopping- board iron. 



■UNDEECUTTEES. 



It has been pointed out that in cutting trees into log lengths it is 

 not infrequently necessary to put a cut in on the underside. To 

 assist in holding the saw against the wood while 



undercutting is in progress, an undercutter may 

 be used. There are several types on the market, 

 one of which is shown in figure 10. The commonest 

 practice is to insert the bit of an ax in the tree in 

 such a way that the spring in the handle can be 

 utilized to hold the saw to the cut. 



SPECIAL EQUIPMENT. 



TEEE FALLEE, 



Among the recent innovations in logging equip- 

 ment is the tree faller or jack. . Its primary object 

 is to enable timber fallers to throw trees in any 

 direction regardless of the lean, thus making it 

 possible to save considerable timber from breakage. 

 Furthermore, if the machine is adapted to ordi- 

 nary conditions, and the company manufacturing 

 and selling it claims that it is, it will do way with 

 wedging, which is a time and energy consuming operation. 



As is shown in figures 11 and 12, the device embodies the simple 



principle of arms working on a fulcrum and spread through the 



ligency of a slow-moving screw operated by a hand lever. It is made 



f special alloy steel, the required lifting power being enormous. 



Fig. 10. — Under- 

 cutter. 



J 



