LOGGING IN THE DOUGLAS FIE REGION. 63 



engines, if possible, or by securing engines that would stand, harder 

 work. 



(7) Loss of time. — There is of necessity considerable lost time in 

 yarding. Yarding engines have to be moved from one landing to 

 another and from one end of a given landing to the other. Lines have 

 to be run out, and, as the work progresses, changed from one yarding 

 trail to another. These and other delays are necessary. Loss of time 

 results from other causes, such as the inability of the loading depart- 

 ment, or the next step in transportation, to handle the yarding output 

 at all times. The aim of camp foremen is to reduce to the minimum 

 the loss of time because of necessary delays and to eliminate unnec- 

 essary delays entirely. 



A few operators in their endeavor to take care of this factor prop- 

 erly keep a record of lost time. The following is a summary of one of 

 these records for three donkey engines, based on a logging period of 

 six months: 



Record of lost time in yarding. 



Waiting for trucks, 40 hours days 4 



Moving yarclers, 240 liours .'do 24 



Clianging ends, 90 liours do 9 



Total loss, 370 hours ; do 37 



Total number of landings ' 27 



Average time lost in moving a yarder from one landing to 



another hours 8. 9 



.Average time lost in changing ends do 3s 



Average amount of timber yarded to a landing feet 830, 000 



Number of yarding days : 383 



Number of productive yarding days 346 



(8) Amount of defect in timher. — The yarding output is affected 

 in much the same way by rot as by the size of the timber. It takes 

 as much time to yard a rotten log as a sound one of the same size, and 

 yet the rotten log may not scale more than half as much as the sound 

 one. Much yarding time is lost in disentangling the logs that should 

 by utilized from those that are worthless. The operator has to fell 

 and buck the defective timber — sometimes half the stand — to make 

 sure that no merchantable timber is left. Few factors, either as re- 

 lated to the cost of yarding or the operation as a whole, are so im- 

 portant or so often overlooked as this one. 



(9) Surface of the ground. — The output with the ground-yarding 

 method is less where the ground is broken up with "potholes," hum- 

 mocks, small ravines, and the like, than where the ground is relatively 

 smooth. The effect of this factor on the output with the high-lead 

 and overhead methods is not so apparent, particularly with the over- 

 head method. 



