LOGGING IN THE DOUGLAS FIR REGION. 67 



ing purposes, and setting lines. A yarding crew in a camp along 

 the Columbia River loaded the engine on a flat car, moved to a new 

 landing, set the lines, and yarded 54 logs in one day. A hook tender 

 in a camp on the west slope of the Cascades moved a yarding engine 

 over the ground a distance of 2,500 feet in 10 hours with a yarding 

 crew of 11 men. Half the move was made up a grade of 40 per cent. 

 The ground was practically clear of chunks of trees. 



From two to four hours' time is consumed in moving the engine 

 from one end of the landing to the other. In one camp in Wash- 

 ington where the ground was practically level the average time, when 

 based on a six months' operating period, was three and one-third 

 hours. This included running out the lines. A crew in a camp along 

 the Columbia River changed ends and ran the trip line around a 

 week's j'arding in 2 hours and 10 minutes. The ground conditions 

 were favorable. Another crew in the same region changed ends and 

 ran the trip line out in 1 hour and 25 minutes. The ground was 

 exceptionally good. Another hook tender in the same region changed 

 ends and yarded 78,000 feet in a day, two and one-half hours being 

 consumed in changing ends. 



The actual cost of moving engines is not so large where the woriv 

 is performed by the crew that clears the right of way and constructs 

 landings, or by a special crew. With the ability to move loggiiifr 

 engines as one of the qualifications of the hook tender in charge of 

 the logging engine moving crew, the move is made more quickly. 

 The daily cost of this crew is not so large as that of a regular yard- 

 ing crew. 



One method of reducing the loss of time is the use of an extra 

 yarding engine and, if the motive power for loading is furnished by 

 a separate engine, an extra loading engine, so that all a crew has to 

 do when it has completed the yarding of the timber tributary to a 

 landing is to move the small equipment to the new landing where 

 the extra equipment has been put in place. The move by this method 

 should take about 30 minutes. At a convenient time the crew that is 

 engaged in clearing rights of way and building landings, or a small 

 special crew, moves the extra equipment to the new landing and runs 

 out the lines. The hook tender, who is to yard the timber, may super- 

 vise the work of placing the lines. Just before the move is made the = 

 fireman of the yarding crew goes ahead to raise steam in the extra 

 machines and have everything in readiness so that yarding can pro- 

 ceed as soon as the rest of the yarding crew arrive. 



There are other reasons than the increased yarding output for 

 using extra equipment. The daily cost of the operations follovving 

 yarding is to a great extent fixed. When a yarding crew is moving 

 from one side to another the output from the camp is curtailed. The 

 longer it takes to make the move the greater the curtailment. This 



