LOGGING IE" THE DOUGLAS FIR REGION. 



149 



Fig. 55. — Road roller. 



Lines. — The lines are the same size as those used in ground yard- 

 ing, in some cases a little smaller. The trip line is roughly twice 



the length of the hauling line. 



Grabs, dogs, and hooks. — Many kinds of equipment and methods 



are used to fasten the logs together in a turn. Ordinarily the logs 



are connected one behind the other with 



grabs or dogs. The grabs are made in 



different forms and the methods of using 



them differ somewhat. Figure 53 shows a 



pair of grabs, the cost of which amounts 



to $6 or $7. A pair of grabs is inserted 



in the end of each log, the grabs on the 



adjoining logs being connected with a 



short piece of cable. Some operators fasten the logs together with 



dogs of the type shown in figure 54. Two dogs are inserted in the 



end of each log on oj^posite sides, the short pieces of cable con- 

 necting the dogs of adjoining logs crossing each 

 other in the form of an X. Dogs cost from $2 to $5 

 per pair. In some cases only the last two logs are 

 dogged together, and the outer end of the main lino 

 is attached to the next to the last log with double 

 chain grab hooks. 



Blocks.— T\\Q number and type of blocks used in 

 roading depend on the character of the road and the 

 length of haul. In a general way, the same blocks 

 are used in roading as in ground yarding. No Ikrge 

 butt-chain lead blocks, however, are necessary. 



Rollers. — When there are turns in the road, rollers 

 are placed vertically on stumps or posts to keep the 

 line leading with the load, to prevent wear on the 

 cable, and to reduce friction. Rollers are also placed 

 on the high points to prevent wear from downward 



pressure. Figure 55 shows one of the types of rollers used. The 

 selling price in 1916 of this roller, smooth or corrugated, when made 



of manganese steel was as follows : 



Net selling 'price. 



8 by 12 inch, with 2-inch shaft $32 



8 by 16 inch, with 2-inch shaft 36 



10 by 16 inch, with 2Hiich shaft 40 



Where the logs are pushed or kicked over the pole road instead 

 of being pulled, a hook taking the form of the one shown in figure 

 56- is sometimes used. The guard lies back against the shank of the 



Fig. 56. — Road 

 hook: 



