LOGGING IN THE DOUGLAS FIR REGION. 165 



This method is used in connection with a six-drum loading engine. 

 One of the two drums nearest the spar tree carries the heel block or 

 tightening-up line; the other, the transfer line. One of the two 

 large middle drums carries the loading line; the other, the train or 

 " spotting line." The other two drums carry the swinging lines. 

 The efficiency of the whole device depends largely on the proper rig- 

 ging and handling of the last-mentioned line. When loading is being 

 done from the left side, the line from the left swinging drum should 

 lead through a deep sheaved block attached to the left side of the 

 spar tree and somewhat above the peak of the boom, thence to a block 

 attached to the left side of the outer end of the boom, and thence to 

 a stump opposite the swinging drum and from 40 to 60 feet from the 

 engine. The opposite line is rigged in a similar manner. 



It is claimed that this rig will load logs averaging 700 feet in 

 volume at the rate of one per minute or minute and a half, and that 

 it is especially valuable for loading from steep ground. 



EQUIPMENT. 



LOADING ENGINES. 



The power used in loading may be furnished by a loading drum on 

 the yarding or roading engine, or by a separate loading engine. In 

 times past it was the universal practice to use a spool or loading 

 drum on the yarding or roading engine ; that is, when power machin- 

 ery was used in loading. For several years, however, a number of 

 operators have used a separate engine in loading. With the single 

 gin-pole loading method, it is difficult to Joad the logs as fast as they 

 are yarded when the power is furnished by a loading drum on the 

 yarding engine, or at least in such a way and at such times as not to 

 interfere with the yarding work. The use of a separate loading 

 engine is thought to be safer, since the engineer has only the loading 

 to occupy his attention. It is not possible to use the loading drum 

 on a yarding engine with overhead loading engines. 



The cylinders of loading engines range in size from 6^ by 8 inches 

 to 9^ by 10 inches. The engines are built with one, two, three, or 

 four drums. On most types there is a. gypsy on the extended drum 

 shaft. All loading engines have steel frames, high or double high 

 pressure boilers, and liberal friction drums with brakes, pawls, etc. 



The single-drum engine is adapted for use with the single gin-pole 

 loading method. The double-drum engine is designed for use with 

 overhead loading methods that do not require a standing line. The 

 three-drum engine is used to operate the saine sort of overhead sys- 

 tem. When the third drum is not needed for loading purposes, it 

 may be employed to good advantage in switching and spotting cars. 

 The four-drum engine is adapted for operating a system of loading 

 that uses a standing line upon which a carriage travels. 



