240 BULLETIN 711, U. S. DEPAETMENT OF AGKICULTURE. 



DRIVING. 



The driving of logs on rough -water and small streams is practiced 

 only to a limited extent in the Douglas fir region, and, excepting a 

 few cases, only in the Grays Harbor and Willapa Harbor sections. 

 Most of the timber so transported is driven on improved streams by 

 separate driving companies at fixed rates per thousand feet, the 

 di'iving of timber on unimproved streams being a very primitive 

 method, which is resorted to only to a limited extent. Very little 

 National Forest timber has been, or will be, driven in the form of 

 sawlojrs. 



The following are the driving rates on the Humptulips and Wish- 

 kah Rivers in Washington : 



On the Humptulips Eiver all logs 40 feet and under in length 

 var}' from $0.30 to $0.60 per thousand feet. The airline distance 

 ranges from 14 to 34 miles. On logs 42 to 60 feet in length the rate is 

 from 45 to 75 cents, and on logs over 60 feet in length the rate is from 

 65 to 95 cents. The cost of breaking out landings is borne by the log- 

 ging operators. On the Wishkah Eiver the rate for logs 40 feet and 

 under in length ranges from 60 to T5 cents per thousand feet. The 

 distance is from 15 to 28 miles. On logs 42 to 60 feet in length the 

 rate is from 75 to 90 cents, and on logs over 60 feet in length from 95 

 cents to $1.10 per 1,000 feet. A number of splash dams have been 

 established on these rivers. 



The driving companies assume charge of all the logs delivered 

 afloat in the ponds of the dams or in the bed of the rivers below the 

 dams, but, as has been pointed out, not in the landings. Thej^ operate 

 their dams, and sluice, drive, and sack all logs in accordance with the 

 driving act in the State law. The companies reserve the right to 

 select the time when the streams shall be sacked, with the under- 

 standing that sacking will continue until all logs are delivered in the 

 booms. 



SORTING AND RAFTING. 



It is the common practice of many logging operators to dump 

 their logs into large streams or tidewater, so that the logs may be 

 sorted, rafted, and towed to the mills. Two forms of rafts are em- 

 ployed. In a few cases in the Puget Sound region, the log output is 

 dumped into rivers and made up into round, temporary rafts, the 

 contents of such rafts being made into permanent rafts when they are 

 delivered to tidewater. Practically all rafted logs, however, are made 

 into permanent rafts at the unloading point. 



SORTING. 



In the early history of lumbering in the region, logs were bought 

 and sold on the basis of "camp run;" that is, a logging operator 



