LOGGING IN THE DOUGLAS FIR REGION. 



241 



sold all the logs produced by his camp at an average price per 

 thousand feet regardless of the percentage of the several species or 

 the size and quality of the logs. At that time, when the selling price 

 of the logs was low, or when the price of stumpage was low and the 

 cost of logging considerably less than it is now, this method seems 

 to have been satisfactory. As the price of logs advanced, the prac- 

 tice of selling on the basis of species and grades sprang up. Now the 

 bulk of the log output of independent loggers is sold on this basis. 

 Furthermore, independent loggers are giving considerable attention 

 to the matter of further standardizing existing grades, also the 

 question of the feasibility of increasing the number of grades. That 

 there should be satisfactory standard grades for logs and that the 

 grades should be as numerous as is practical can not be questioned. 

 The loggers of British Columbia seem to have gone farther in the 

 way of defining the log grades than those of the Columbia Eiver and 



.currrfeUT niveit- 



f^Af-r/n/a pocke-t a/o.^ 



fi'ArnivG foc/r£-T Afo. / 



so/?r/vG focfcer a/o. s 



pi/MP 



Fig. 82. — Booming and rafting works. 



Puget Sound regions, and it would seem that the loggers could go 

 still farther in any one of these three regions. 



EAFTING. 



Figures 82 and 83 show the sorting and rafting works in the case 

 of two operations in the Puget Sound region. All works of this kind 

 in this region are much the same, any differences, for the most part, 

 being the result of differences in location and capacity. The main, 

 or sorting, pocket, into which the logs are dumped, is a large area 

 surrounded by logs chained end to end and held in place by piling. 

 The rafting pockets, lanes leading off from the sorting pocket, are 

 about 75 feet wide and from 800 to 1,000 feet long, and consist of 

 parallel rows of piling, the piles being driven from 15 to 60 feet apart. 

 Dolphins, consisting of three, four, or five piles driven in a cluster and 

 bound together with a cable, are located at several points for mooring 

 posts for tug boats and completed rafts. In addition to these im.- 

 61361°— Bull. 711—18 16 



