LOGGING IN THE DOUGLAS FIR REGION. 



249 



tion, such as supervision of the operation as a whole, office ex- 

 penses, taxes, selling costs, and miscellaneous items like cruising and 

 fire protection. This classification has not been standardized, and 

 different items of expense are included in it. 



General expenses are the most easily overlooked of any in making 

 a timber appraisal. Their inclusion in the calculation is as im- 

 portant, however, as the cost of felling and bucking. The principal 

 general expense charge is general superintendence. 



WOODS SUPERVISION. 



Many operators include in woods supervision all the supervision 

 of the logging operation from the woods to the raft or mill, also cer- 

 tain general expenses around the camp, such as the pay of the book- 

 keeper, timekeeper, scaler, logging engineer, night watchman, etc. 

 .Other operators prorate such expenses against the major departments 

 of the logging operation. As a rule the salary of the logging super- 

 intendent or manager does not appear under this heading. The 

 salaries of the foreman, bookkeeper, timekeeper, etc., are given under 

 the heading " Logging in general." 



FIXED CHARGES. 



SUPERINTENDENCE. 



In the main the industry is not burdened w^ith a superabundance 

 of general salaried help ; and low salaries for managers and logging 

 superintendents, considering the character of the work and the capital 

 invested, are the rule. 



The cost of superintendence per thousand feet varies from 7 to 

 20 cents. The cost of superintendence and commissions in the case 

 of twenty camps in the Puget Sound region and ten camps in the 

 Columbia River region is as follows, commissions including the 

 amounts paid by some of the operators to an association or individual 

 for selling the logs : 



llumber of camps. 



Cost per 



thousand 



feet. 



Puget Sound region: 

 7 



Cents. 

 7 to 10 

 11 to 15 

 16 to 20 



8 to 10 

 11 to 15 

 16 to 20 



6 ... 



7 



Columbia River re- 

 gion: 



4. . . 



3 



3 ... 





The camp of one independent logging operation running four 

 sides is in charge of a foreman who receives $200 per month. The 

 general superintendence of the whole operation, including the dis- 



