Roughage. 



Corn fodder (stover) tons 19 



Silage-^ do 16 



Mixed hay do 39 



A FIVE-YEAR FARM MANAGEMENT SURVEY IN OHIO. 43 



silage and corn stover as well as hay are used for roughage. As 

 shown in Table X, the number of feed units of corn is 42 per cent of 

 the total, or 43,784, and this divided by 56, which represents the feed 

 units value of a bushel of corn, is 782, or the number of bushels of 

 corn required. After making a similar calculation for each kind of 

 feed, the following approximate feed requirements for the above 

 stock are obtained : 



Concentrates. 



Corn bushels-- 782 



Wheat do 122 



Oats do 72 



Bought feed tons__ 2. 6 



To illustrate the second way in which the table may be applied: 

 A farmer has for feeding, 500 bushels corn, 50 bushels wheat, 12 

 tons corn stover, and 23 tons mixed hay. He wishes to determine the 

 amount of stock he can carry. The corn and wheat have the feed 

 value of 31,000 feed units (500X56+50X60=31.000), and the corn 

 stover and hay that of 24,400 feed units (12X500+23X800=24,400), 

 or a total of 55,400 feed units. The total divided by 2,673 equals 20+, 

 or the approximate number of animal units he can expect to carry 

 without the purchase of additional feed. The concentrates in this 

 case are 56 per cent of the total feed units and the roughage 44 per 

 cent, or in the same proportion as the average for the 25 farms over 

 the 5-year period. 



On these farms most of the stock were on pasture during the 

 pasture season, but the pasture consumed has not been included in the 

 feed requirements. The feed value of pasture is generally placed at 8 

 to 10 feed units daily per animal unit. Occasionally some straw was 

 fed, but the quantity was very small, and it was not included in cal- 

 culating the feed requirements. 



THE SOURCES OF SUPPLY AND DEATH RATE FOR THE DIFFERENT CLASSES OF 



LIVE STOCK. 



Since live stock with its products is the source of so large a part of 

 the incomxC in this area, some data as to the sources of suppl}- of the 

 different classes of stock, together with the losses, are presented here. 

 These data are for the 25 farms over the five-year period, and in the 

 case of live-stock losses represent what ordinarily may be expected. 



The work stock consisted almost entirely of horses. Some of the 

 farmers kept the same work horses throughout the five-year period ; 

 others changed all their horses, and still others changed some of 

 them. Fifteen per cent of the work horses were changed each year, 

 three-fourths of which were sold and one-fourth of which died. 

 This indicates that the work horses are kept on the same farms for an 

 average of 6f years. The horses disposed of were replaced by colts 

 and by purchases — almost an equal number from each source. The 



