44 BULLETIN 118, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



shipper who prepares his mine timbers properly can, on a 400-mile 

 rail haul, create and hold a market for the same species of mine prop 

 material which the local operator can not sell at all, although his 

 product is 300 or more miles closer to the consuming center. The sole 

 reason is that the local man does not prepare his material properly. 

 Tell the mine operator just what species of timber you have for sale 

 and ship it to him properly made up and you will hold his trade. 



THE MAIN LOGGING ROAD. 



A logger should never forget that it is cheaper and more economical 

 to haul a load of logs a quarter of a mile to his mill on a downhill 

 road or on the level than it is to haul a similar load a rod uphill. 

 Run the main road through the stand to be cut, if the ground is level, 

 or below the timber if the stand is on a side hill. Keep your cutting 

 area compact, and when you make a skid road,-take out all the timber 

 tributary to it before you move to the next one. 



If 3^ou have to haul up a hill, double up ; do not figure on loads that 

 one team can handle over a hill. If the road is too steep, use a block 

 and line. Do not waste time in trying to force your single team to 

 haul a load which a four-horse team can hardly get away with. If 

 the ground is rough and rocky, use dynamite and build a good main 

 road and keep it in good order. Breakage and wear and tear on 

 equipment and horses over a bad road will buy a lot of powder and 

 keep a road in fine shape. 



One thousand feet of logs weigh approximately 4| tons. It would 

 take a good team to haul such a load over a paved street. Why try 

 to haul it over rocks, ruts, and logs when logging in the hills with 

 a pair of cayuses ? A logger should remember that the value of the 

 time lost and the injury to teams and equipment while struggling 

 to pull off impossible stunts in logging is always a prolific source of 

 loss. If iced or even snow roads were possible, it might be different ; 

 but a dirt road must be well built. 



If the timber is large, use a gin pole and crotch line in loading; 

 use bunk chains or corner binds in holding the first tier of logs on 

 the truck or sled. A couple of logs on top of the binding chain will 

 hold them taut. A spring pole is dangerous to use and not a safe 

 bind on a load of logs. Have your toggle bind and grabs on the un- 

 loading side. 



It sometimes happens that part of the timber is relatively close 

 to the mill and part farther away and not so accessible, and the 

 character of the road such as to prevent the hauling of a maximum 

 load every trip. In this case it will be found economical to skid up 

 the " close" timber along the mam road and " top off" the long-haul 

 loads to their full capacity oa their way to the mill. 



