SMALL SAWMILLS, THEIR EQUIPMENT, ETC. 53 



praising the timber and establishing- the stnmpage price, and is not 

 relevant to scaling. 



The following grading rules for western yellow pine logs are 

 suggested by the Forest Service for use in eastern Oregon and Wash- 

 ington, and could be profitably used by portable mill operators in 

 any section of the country : 



No. 1 clear logs shall be 22 inches or over in diameter inside the bark at the 

 small end and not less than 10 feet long. They shall be reasonably straight 

 grained, practically surface clear, and with not less than 25 per cent of their 

 scaled contents capable of being cut into C select and better. 



No. 2 shop logs shall be 18 inches and over in diameter inside the bark at the 

 small end, not less than 8 feet long, and with not less than 30 per cent of their 

 scaled contents capable of being cut into No. 2 shop or better. 



No. 3 rough logs shall be 6 inches and over in diameter inside the bark at the 

 small end and not less than 8 feet long, and having defects which unfit them 

 for classification in the two above grades. 



C select grade means lumber 4 inches wide or wider. Knots, blue 

 stain, some pitch or season checks are admissible. A 4-inch or 6-inch 

 piece would show light traces of pitch or season checks. Heavier 

 indications of pitch and season checks are permissible in wider 

 boards, but should not be scattered all over the board. Medium blue 

 stain, covering one-third of the face, if not in combination with other 

 defects, is admissible. 



No. 2 shop means a grade of lumber valued for cutting purposes 

 only. The grade of No. 2 door cuttings will admit of one defect in 

 one piece. This may be a small sound knot not to exceed five-eighths 

 of an inch in diameter, or a light-blue stain which does not extend 

 over more than one-half the surface of the piece on one side, or, in the 

 absence of all other defects, one small season check not to exceed 8 

 inches in length and showing on one side of the piece only. Each 

 plank of No. 2 shop should contain either one of the following: At 

 least 25 per cent of No. 1 door cuttings or not less than 33^ per cent 

 of No. 1 and No. 2 door cuttings combined. 



Eough logs of the grade lower than Nos. 1 and 2 consist of lum- 

 ber the general appearance of which is coarse, admitting many de- 

 fects in inch lumber and all defects common to dimension lumber 

 that do not materially impair the strength of the piece. 



LOGGING OUTFIT. 



Following is a logging outfit for class A mills and its cost : 

 4 teams and harness, at $400 $1, 600 



Saws, axes, wedges, cant hooks, chains, and blacksmith outfit 150 



2 logging trucks ' ^ 250 



2 lumber wagons 200 



Camp cook outfit 100 



Sleeping camp . 50 



Lubricating oil and kerosene . 20 



Total 2,370 



