SMALL SAWMILLS, THEIR EQUIPMENT, ETC. 67 



Load — In foreign markets 1,680 pounds weight of lumber or 50 cubic feet cargo 



space. 

 Lumber tally — The scale of the log after it is cut into lumber. 

 Mill run — All of the lumber without regard to grade which has a shipping value. 

 Moulding — The narrow strips of lumber moulded in various patterns used in 



interior finish. 

 Odd lengths — Lumber trimmed to odd feet, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15. 

 OfC-bearer — The man who stands behind the saw and takes away the lumber and 



slabs. Syn. — Tail sawj^er, swamper. 

 Ogee moulding — One having a double curve formed by a concave and convex line. 

 Overrun — The difference between the lumber tally and mill scale. 

 Parbuckle — A device for loading logs. It consists of a chain or rope in the 



form of a sling attached to the wagon or sled. 

 Partition — Lumber used for interior partitions where both sides of the board 



are exposed. 

 Pile bottom — The foundation (timber or concrete) on which lumber is piled. 

 Pin knot — A knot which is sound and not more than one-half inch in diameter. 

 Pitch — The angle between the back of a tooth and a line drawn from a point of 



the tooth to the back of a band saw or to the center of a circular saw. 

 Pitch pocket — An opening or space between the annual rings containing pitch 



in coniferous trees. Syn. — Pitch seams. 

 Plain sawed — All lumber which is not quarter sawed. Syn. — Flat grain, bastard 



grain, slash grain. 

 Pony gang— A saw crew of two men who do their own swamping. 

 Porch decking-^A tongue and grooved board, the upper face of which is grooved 



in order to carry off rain water. 

 Quarter-sawed — In hardwoods, when the lumber is cut parallel or nearly so 



with the medullary rays. In soft woods, when the growth rings do not tip 



more than 45° from the vertical throughout the entire length of the board. 



Syn. — Center sawed, comb grained, edge grained, figure grained, rift sawed, 



silver grained, vertical grained. 

 Rip — To cut a board lengthwise. . 

 Rock pine — The Chicago name for hemlock. 

 Sampson — An upright lever used for rolling logs. It is attached to the log by a 



chain. 

 Short length — Lumber from 4 to 10 feet. 

 Sidings— Boards sawed from the outer portion of a log when the central part is 



made into lumber. 

 Slack cooperage — Containers for nonliquid products consisting of two round 



heads and a body composed of staves held together with hoops. 

 Slat — A sawed piece of wood 7i by 2^ by i inches, used in pencil manu- 

 facture. 

 Small knot — A sound knot not more than three-fourths inch in diameter. 

 Snake — To make a wavy cut in sawing. 

 Snipping — The act of rounding off the end of a log to prevent the latter from 



sticking in the ground. Syn. — Sniping. 

 Sound knot — One which is as solid and hard across its face as the surrounding 



wood and firm enough to retain its place in the board. 

 Spike knot — ^A knot sawed lengthwise in the board. 

 Spline — A rectangular strip of wood which is substituted for the tongue on 



heavy factory flooring. 

 Stepping — A grade of lumber worked to a size suitable for steps. 

 Stock boards — Of even widths, usually 8, 10, and 12 inches. 



