INCENSE CEDAE. 31 



trees are, however, sometimes killed by repeated attacks of several 

 species of beetles, and individual trees or small stands of cedar repro- 

 duction are often killed by a species of Phloeosinus. Trees attacked 

 by this beetle are killed outright in one summer, turning pale yellow 

 by July and generally dying by October 1. To control insects in 

 reproduction, all infested trees should be felled and burned during 

 the fall, winter, or spring months before the beetles have emerged. 



When numbers of trees are found dying and there is evidence of 

 primary insect injury the matter should be reported to the Bureau 

 of Entomology with specimens of the insect or its work and request 

 for information on the proper action to be taken. 



SNOW, WIND, GRAZING, ETC. 



As incense cedar occurs in close stands and more or less protected 

 situations, snow and wind probably would cause comparatively little 

 damage were it not for the brittleness of the tops and branches. As it 

 is, exposed trees invariably show the effects of snow and high winds 

 by irregular one-sided crowns and broken or distorted tops. Con- 

 siderable damage also is done to young timber when a heavy fall of 

 wet snow is followed by high winds, the brittle branches and tops 

 being frequently snapped off. Throughout its life, however, incense 

 cedar is highly persistent in endeavoring to overcome this handicap 

 by sending up new leaders, a tendency which results in the charac- 

 teristic pronglike tops so common on this species. 



Incense cedar is probably subject to less damage from logging than 

 any of its associated species, the seedlings and smaller saplings being 

 tough, firmly rooted, and able to survive considerable hard usage. 

 For the same reasons and because of the protection offered by the 

 resinous, highly pungent foliage, which renders it less palatable than 

 its associates, it is seldom damaged by sheep and cattle. 



MANAGEMENT. 



GENERAL POLICY ON NATIONAL FORESTS. 



At the time the Forest Service first undertook the administration 

 of the National Forests incense cedar was regarded as a weed tree; 

 and, in early sales of Government timber, efforts were made to elimi- 

 nate it from the stand by marking it heavily for cutting. Later, as 

 the excellent character of the lumber derived from it when sound 

 became known, this policy was modified and sound thrifty trees were 

 spared when they did not interfere seriously with the development 

 of the more highly valued species. To-day, in view of its increasing 

 value, incense cedar is receiving more consideration and its possi- 

 bilities are being studied in an effort to determine the methods best 

 adapted to insure its perpetuation and maximum development. 



