RESISTANCE OF HARDWOODS TO CREOSOTE. 7 



Three pieces of heartwood were selected from each species for the 

 penetrance tests. Similarly, three specimens of sapwood were used 

 of those species from which sapwood was available. The pieces 

 were approximately 2-J inches by \\ inches by 48 inches. Each 

 specimen was surfaced on 4 sides, and a hole f of an inch deep bored 

 in the center of a 2^ inch by 48 inch face. All specimens were first 

 thoroughly air-seasoned, and then dried for 48 hours at a tempera- 

 ture of 150° F. before treatment. The oven-dry weight and moisture 

 content were determined at the time of treatment. 



Specimens used in the impregnation tests were cut approximately 

 2^ inches by 1§ inches by 24 inches. Seven selected specimens of 

 heartwood from each species were treated. The same number of 

 sapwood pieces of the species from which sapwood could be obtained 

 were also treated. 



The following species were tested : 



Coram on name. 



Ash, green. 



Ash, white 



Aspen, largetooth . . 



Basswood 



Beech x 



Birch, river (red). . 



Birch, sweet 



Birch, yellow 



Cherry, wild red. . . 



Chestnut 



Elm, cork or rock. . 



Elm, slippery 



Elm, white 



Gum, red 



Gum, tupelo. ...... 



Hackberry 



Hickory, mockernut 



Maple, silver 



Maple, sugar 



Oak, bur 



Oak, chestnut 



Oak, red 



Oak, white 



Sycamore 



Willow, black 



Fraxinus lanceolata Borkh. ... 



Fraxinus americana L 



Populus grandidentata Michx . 



Tilia americana L 



Fagus atropunicea(M&rsh. ) Lud . 



Betula nigra L 



Betula lenta L 



Betula lutea Michx. f 



Primus pennsylvanica L 



Castanea dentata(M.axah. )Borkh. 



Ulruus roxemosa Thomas 



Uhnus pubescens Walt 



Ulmus americana L 



Liquidambar styraciflua L 



Nyssa, sp 



Celtis occidentalis L 



Eicoria alba (L.) Britt 



Acer saccharium L 



Acer saccharum Marsh 



Quercus macrocarpa Michx . . . 



Quercus prinus L 



Quercus rubra L 



Quercus, alba L 



Platanus occidentalis L 



Salix nigra Marsh 



Locality from which 

 obtained. 



Missouri. 

 New York. 

 Wisconsin. 



Do. 

 Pennsvlvania. 



Pennsvlvania. 



Do. 

 Tennessee. 



Do. 

 Pennsylvania. 

 Wisconsin. 

 Pennsylvania. 

 Missouri. 

 Louisiana. 

 Wisconsin. 



( 2 ) 

 Wisconsin. 

 Pennsylvania. 

 Wisconsin. 

 Tennessee. 

 Pennsylvania. 

 Arkansas. 

 Tennessee. 

 Wisconsin. 



1 Red and white heart beech are botanically the same species. 



2 Obtained by purchase in the market. Locality of growth not known. 



METHOD OF APPLYING THE CREOSOTE. 



PENETRANCE TESTS. 



In the penetrance tests a pressure of 120 pounds per square inch 

 and a temperature of from 175° to 180° F. were employed. Head- 

 ings of temperature and pressure were made every 15 minutes, and 



