APPENDIX. 



CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VARIOUS SPECIES AND RESULTS OF TREATMENT. 1 



Ash, green [Fraxinus lanceolata) — heartwood. — Thin -walled 

 tyloses were present in both sapwood and heartwood of green ash. 

 Very little difficulty was experienced in obtaining a fairly good 

 penetration in both the penetrance and cylinder treatments. Com- 

 plete penetration resulted in the cylinder treatments when pressures 

 of 75 pounds or more were employed. The wood prosenchyma was 

 penetrated, and also the vessels and tyloses to some extent. 



Ash, white (Fraxinus americana) — heartwood. — Thin -walled 

 tyloses are scattered through both sapwood and heartwood of white 

 ash. The wood took treatment fairly easily, good penetrations being 

 obtained both in the penetrance and impregnation tests. Both the 

 vessels containing tyloses and the wood prosenchyma were penetrated 

 to some extent. Creosote was found distributed chiefly throughout 

 the wood prosenchyma. Although this species has numerous tyloses, 

 they are thin- walled. In all probability mam 7 of the vessels are not 

 entirely closed by them, which allows the creosote to enter the pores 

 and give fairly good penetrations. 



Aspen, largetooth (Populus grandidentata) — heartwood. — Large- 

 tooth aspen is a close-grained, diffuse-porous wood with small pores. 

 Both heartwood and sapwood contain scattered tyloses. Specimens 

 treated in both the penetrance apparatus and in the cylinder" showed 

 quite variable penetrations. In all tests the penetrations were largely 

 in streaks and in most cases entered the wood but a short distance. 

 Some of the specimens were fairly well treated throughout their 

 volume and others were only slightly penetrated. This variable 

 penetration was very likely due to an unequal distribution of tyloses 

 throughout the specimens, for the tyloses were found to be more 

 numerous in the untreated portions. The preservative was found 

 mainly in the vessels of the wood and to some extent in the 

 prosenchyma. 



Basswood (Tilia americana) — heartwood. — Basswood contains no 

 tyloses in either the heartwood or sapwood. The specimens were 

 easily treated in the penetrance apparatus and in the cylinder. Both 

 the vessels and wood prosenchyma were quite thoroughly penetrated. 

 Good penetrations were secured in the cylinder treatments, even at 

 low pressures. 



Beech, white-heart (Fagus atropunicea) .— Tyloses are rarely found 

 in either the heartwood or sapwood of white-heart beech. Creosote 



1 In some cases general remarks on the characteristics of the species were supplemented 

 from the descriptions given in Snow's " Principal Species of Woods." 



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