28 



BULLETIN 606, TJ. S. DEPABTMEXT OF AGBICULTUBE. 



Sycamore (Platanus ocddentalis). — Tyloses occurred scatteringly 

 in the specimens of sycamore treated. Penetration was found to take 

 place mainly through the vessels. Very little creosote was found in 

 the wood prosenchyma or parenchyma. The wood was difficult to 

 treat in either the penetrance apparatus or in the cylinder. Complete 

 penetrations in the impregnation tests were not obtained, even at 

 pressures of from 125 to 150 pounds per square inch. The difficulty 

 in treating this species seems to be due largely to the tyloses and to 

 the cross-grained structure of the wood. 



Willow, black {Salix nigra) — heartwood. — Knots in the wood made 

 it difficult to get good clear specimens of willow. Specimens treated 

 in the cylinder showed fairly good penetrations for most of the pres- 

 sures used. Tyloses are scattered in both sapwood and heartwood. 

 The tyloses in the vessels did not prevent penetration. Creosote was 

 found to be present to a considerable extent in both the vessels and 

 the wood prosenchyma. 



Table 2. — Species in the order of amount of absorption, 1 and comparative longi- 

 tudinal and radial penetration. 



Species. 



Character of 

 wood. 



Red. gum... 

 White oak. 



Red-heart beech. 1 do 



Bur oak j do 



Rock elm do 



Chestnut I do 



Sycamore I do 



Hack "berry ' do 



Hickory, mock- j do 



ernut. 



Sn gar maple do 



Hackberry 



Chestnut oak 2 . 



Red oak 2 



White - heart 



beech. 

 Yellow birch... 



Red birch 



Black willow. . 

 Largetooth, do 



aspen. 



White elm ' do 



Green ash ■ do 



Slippery elm 2 . . do 



Silver maple do 



Heartwood... 

 ....do 



Sapwood 



Heartwood 



....do 



Sweet birch do 



Red gum Sapwood 



White ash Heartwood.. 



Silver maple Sapwood 



Bass wood ' Heartwood. . 



Tupelo gum \ do 



Wild red cherry do 



Tupelo gum.... Sapwood 



Impreg- 

 nation 

 tests. 



Lbs. per 

 cu.ft. 

 2.03 

 3.40 

 5.39 

 5.57 

 7.18 

 7.32 

 8.48 

 8.54 

 9.86 



10.09 

 11.61 

 12.19 

 12.83 

 14.92 



15. 20 

 15.46 

 16.24 

 16.28 



16.29 

 17.27 

 17.85 

 17.97 

 18.20 

 18. 33 

 18.83 

 19.78 

 20.36 

 20.90 

 25. 09 

 25.21 



Penetrance tests. 



Average 

 time 



of treat- 

 ment. 



Minutes. 

 70 

 70 

 70 

 70 

 70 

 70 

 70 

 70 

 70 



45 



Time required 



to penetrate 



24 inches. 



Average 

 longi- 

 tudinal 

 penetra- 

 tion. 



Immediately. 

 25 to 35 



Immediately.. 



Inches. 



1.35 



2.32 



.50 



.61 



7.66 



4.00 



4.17 



10.83 



6.06 



5.33 

 8.16 



IS. 80 



10.39 

 8. 36 



4.87 

 6.23 



8.84 

 10.61 



( 4 ) 



4 to 7... 

 30 to 60. 

 7 to 12.. 

 20 



22 to 25. 



3. 52 



3.85 

 12.96 



8.16 

 11.17 

 12.11 



9.91 

 10.72 

 12.33 



Average 

 radial 



penetra- 

 tion. 



Inches. 

 0.09- 

 .08 

 .05 

 .05 

 .33 

 .18 

 .23 

 .33 

 .38 



.20 

 .45 



Average 



dry 

 weight 



per 

 cubic 



foot. 



Pounds. 



( 3 ) 



.43 



.45 



( 3 ) 



.30 



( 3 ) 

 ( 3 ) 

 ( 3 ) 



45.3 

 40.8 

 40.8 

 38.6 

 25.4 

 35.0 

 38.2 

 52.3 



43.7 

 35.8 

 47.8 

 39.7 

 43.0 



44.3 

 39.2 

 29.0 

 27.8 



34.2 

 38.3 

 27.3 

 36.0 

 46.9 

 36.7 

 34.3 

 32.8 

 31.0 

 34.8 

 23.7 

 33.5 



i The absorption tests were made in the treating cylinder and in most cases better penetrations were 

 obtained in the species which took the higher absorptions. The pressures and times used in these tests 

 are not comparable to commercial conditions. 



5 Not treated in the penetrance apparatus on account of the open condition of the pores. A gocd pene- 

 tration was secured in tests made in the treating cylinder. 



3 Complete. Since the radial penetration of tupelo gum, wild red cherry, black willow, and silver maple 

 was complete the relative order of those species is not important. 



4 Specimens were not straight grained, and oil passed out at the side. 



