COST OF PKODUCIXG APPLES IX YAKIMA VALLEY. 



27 



cultivation. Following this first series of cultivations and before the 

 first irrigation, furrows are made with a cultivator or shovel plow for 

 distributing the water throughout the orchard. 



Kef erring to Table XVIII it will be seen that the most intensive 

 cultivation is done just before and following the earlier irrigations. 

 There is an annual charge of 24.26 man-hours and 41.28 horse-hours, 

 or a cost of $12.26, per acre for cultivation in orchards under clean- 

 cultural management in the Yakima district. 



Fifteen, or 46.88 per cent of the orchardists in the Zillah district 

 used the plow for cultural purposes. (See Table XX). Of the 32 

 orchardists in the Zillah district who followed the clean-cultural 

 practice 10, or 31.25 per cent, began the annual cultivation with the 

 plow, 21 with the disk harrow, and 1 with the spring-tooth harrow. 

 Of the 10 orchardists who plowed each year, 9 plowed in the spring 

 and 1 in the fall. Spring plowing seems to be preferred by orchardists 

 in both the North Yakima and Zillah districts. 



Table XVIII. — Percentage of orchardists making cultivations and the time chargeable 

 per acre in 43 orchards under clean-cultural management in the North Yakima district. 



Operation. 



Per cent of 

 orchardists 



making 

 various cul- 

 tivations. 



Hours per 

 acre. 



Per 

 cent of 

 total 





Man. 



Horse. 



culti- 

 vation. 





67.44 



3.07 



5.71 









Cultivation: 



100 



100 

 97.67 

 76.74 

 30.23 

 2.33 



* 7.86 



4.18 



3.63 



2.51 



.91 



.05 



13.76 

 7.25 

 6.38 

 4.31 

 1.65 

 .10 



41.07 





21.84 





18.97 





13.11 





4.75 





.26 







Total 





19. 14 



33. 45 



100. 00 









Furrowing: 





1.31 



1.31 



1.24 



.93 



.33 



.00 



1.98 

 1.98 

 1.89 

 1.47 

 .51 

 .00 









































Total 





5.12 



7.83 











Table XIX. — Implements and the number of orchards in which each is used in 32 orchards 

 under clean-cultural management in the Zillah district. 



When used. 



Plow. 



Disk 



harrow. 



Spring- 

 tooth 

 harrow. 



Spike- 

 tooth 

 harrow. 



6-foot 

 culti- 

 vator. 



Culti- | ™ nat 

 vator. Float - 



Crease. 





15 



24 

 7 

 4 

 3 



16 

 19 



19 

 9 

 1 



15 



8 

 5 

 3 



2 

 2 



1 



2 4 



3 ! 



3 ! 1 



1 



1 



i 31 





31 







27 







13 







1 







1 



















| 



1 One orchardist does not irrigate, therefore no creasing is made. 



