28 



BULLETIN 614, L T . S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



In Yakima many of the ranches are small and growers do not feel 

 the necessity of having a variety of implements, but in the Zillah dis- 

 trict the average ranch is larger, and many times other crops are 

 grown, so that the individual growers usually have several different 

 kinds of implements. The spring-tooth and disk harrows are by far 

 the most common implement used for cultural purposes in the lower 

 valley. (See fig. 5.) 



Referring to Table XX, it will be noted that 97 per cent of the 

 orchardists make a practice of cultivating after the first irrigation, 

 88 per cent following the second, and 44 per cent following the third. 

 The orchardists in the Yakima district not only practice more, inten- 

 sive cultivation early in the season but continue it later in the season 

 than do the orchardists in the Zillah region. Considering all the 

 orchards which are clean cultivated in the Zillah district, there is an 

 annual charge of 18.67 man-hours and 35.01 horse-hours, at a cost of 

 $9.92 per acre. 



That the size of the orchard and farm have some bearing on the 

 amount of cultivation done is shown by Tables XXI and XXII. 



Table XX. — Percentage of orchardists making cultivations and the time chargeable per 

 aa*e in 32 orchards under clean-cultural management in the Zillah district. 



Operation. 



Per cent of 

 orcharri ists 



making 

 various cul- 

 tivations. 



Hours per acre. 



Man. Horse. 



Per 



cent of 

 total 



cultiva- 

 tion. 



Plowing 



Cultivation: 



Before first irrigation 



Following first irrigation 



Following second irrigation . 

 Following third irrigation . . . 

 Following fourth irrigation. . 

 Following fifth irrigation 



Total. 



Furrowing: 



Before first irrigation 



Before second irrigation . 

 Before third irrigation. . . 

 Before fourth irrigation. . 



Before fifth irrigation 



Before sLxth irrigation.. . 



Total. 



2.45 



100 



96.88 



87. 50 



43.75 



3.13 



3.13 



3.46 



2.52 



1.35 



.14 



13.50 



6.91 



5.05 



2.69 



.28 



.16 



14.33 



28. 59 



1.30 

 1.27 

 1.10 



.58 

 .09 



1.98 



1.86 



1.65 



.84 



.09 



47.31 



24.14 



17.59 



9.42 



.98 



.56 



100. 00 



Table XXI. — Total time and cost chargeable per acre for cultivation in 4$ orchards of 

 various sizes under clean-cultural management in the North Yakima district. 



Number 

 ofrecords. 



Acres in 

 orchard. 



Man- 

 hours. 



Per acre. 



Horse- 

 hours. 



Cost. 



Average 

 acres in 

 ranch. 



31 



S 

 4 



1-5 

 6-10 

 11-20 



26.23 

 18.73 

 20.08 



42.85 

 37.46 

 36.73 



SI 2. 99 

 10.30 

 10.53 



10.25 

 15.19 

 18. 75 



