EXPERIMENTS WITH DURUM WHEAT. 39 



During the last four years the Marquis has been included in the 

 experiment. In 4-year average yield it outranks Preston by 1.1 

 bushels and Arnautka by 2 bushels. It falls behind Kubanka by only 

 0.4 of a bushel. Yellow Gharnovka durum, reintroduced into the 

 test, has proved the best yielder of all, however, in this period, its 

 yield of 19 bushels exceeding that of Kubanka by 2.2 bushels and that 

 of Marquis by 2.6 bushels. Kharkof, a hard red winter wheat of the 

 Crimean group, also has been grown during this 4-year period, and its 

 yield of 21.4 bushels exceeds even that of the Yellow Gharnovka by 

 2.4 bushels. 



From present indications it may be concluded that the Crimean 

 wheats will outyield spring wheats here when they survive the 

 winters. This station is about the present northern limit of winter- 

 wheat production in central and eastern South Dakota. Good durum 

 varieties will regularly outyield any spring variety now known, but 

 Marquis and Preston are both good yielding varieties of spring com- 

 mon wheat in central South Dakota. 



Among the durum wheats, Kubanka has given the highest yields 

 of any variety tested in the 10-year and 12-year periods. In the 

 10-year period, three lots of Kubanka are among the four highest 

 yielders, the other being Pererodka, which ranked third. In the last 

 four years, however, Kubanka was outyielded by Yellow Gharnovka 

 by 2.2 bushels. In the first 4-year period, 1902-1905, inclusive, three 

 varieties, Taganrog, Berdiansk, and Yellow Gharnovka, all outyielded 

 any Kubanka. Kubanka (C. I. No. 2094) also outyielded Kubanka 

 (C. I. No. 1440), which was continued in the experiments, whereas 

 the four varieties previously named were all dropped. Of the several 

 lots or pure strains of Arnautka included in the tests, none has ex- 

 ceeded Kubanka consistently for any series of years. A selection of 

 Kubanka (C. I. No. 1516), recently named Acme and assigned C. I. 

 No. 5284, has been included in the experiments during only the last 

 three years. This pure line has shown remarkable rust resistance, 

 and as a result has outyielded all other wheats grown in the 3-year 

 period from 1914 to 1916. In 1916 it was grown also at Brookings, 

 S. Dak., where it outyielded all other spring wheats. 



RESULTS AT EUREKA, S. DAK. 



The Eureka substation of the South Dakota Agricultural Experi- 

 ment Station is located on the remains of an old terniinal moraine, 

 the resulting soil being a stony sandy loam. The altitude is 1,884 

 feet, and the average annual rainfall during the last seven years has 

 been 16.4 inches. The experiments were conducted independently by 

 the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station until 1912, and 

 since then in cooperation with the Office of Cereal Investigations. 



