HAYMAKING CREWS AND LABOR COSTS. 3 
actual practice, though that for man labor will be found to be fairly 
accurate for the hay-growing section as a whole. 
EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS USED IN WORK CHARTS. 
In order to compare one method of haying with another, it is 
necessary for the reader to have some way of fixing in mind easily and 
quickly the different operations of the crew. Straight bars are used 
often in work charts to show variations in the seasonable distribution 
of labor, etc., but while this method is effective within certain limits, 
it is not applicable in this instance, since, if straight bars were used 
for the many different operations of haymaking, the chart would at 
once become confusing and leave but little impression on the mind. 
For these reasons, symbols have been used which are at once simple 
and suggestive of the operations they represent. These symbols are 
used on the charts so that the reader can see at a glance the time each 
operation starts and stops, the number of men, horses, and machines 
used, and the time lost in each operation. 
For example, the symbol representing mowing is m; that repre- 
senting raking, r. Thus the first letter of the name of each operation 
represents that operation on the labor chart. (See work chart 1.) 
These letters are repeated, extending horizontally, to indicate the 
lapse of time occupied by the operation. Roman capitals (A, B, C, 
etc.) are used to designate individual men of the crew, and small 
Roman letters (a, b, c, etc.) to designate individual two-horse teams. 
Boys are indicated by capital letters in italics (A, B, C, etc.), and 
single horses used for raking, etc., by small italics (a, b, ¢, etc.). 
Where the same individual takes part in two different operations 
during the same hours, such as pitching in the field and unloading at 
the barn, the symbol used to designate this individual is inclosed in 
parentheses opposite the second operation. 
If A and team (a) mow in the forenoon and rake in the afternoon, 
they are designated by the same letters throughout the day. If any 
man or team works in the forenoon, but not in the afternoon, the 
letters used for the man or team in the morning are not given to 
other men or teams in the afternoon. Thus, the total number of men 
and teams used during the day can be seen at a glance. 
In using the following work charts to determine the method best 
adapted to his own needs, the farmer always should bear in mind 
these important factors: 
(1) The average number of days available for haymaking in 
his locality. 
(2) The number of acres or tons to be handled daily. 
(3) The number of men and horses available for the work. 
(4) The type of machinery to be used. 
Under each system of making hay the methods have been arranged 
according to size of crew, the smallest crew first. 
