12 BULLETIN 582, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
DISTRIBUTION OF EXPENSES. 
Table 9 presents the distribution of expenses under the various 
headings. Improvements and new machinery are a surprisingly large 
item. This was due in large measure to the erection of new dwell- 
ings or other buildings by some operators in four of the groups, to a 
considerable extent with borrowed money. The expense for labor is 
thus decreased to a little over one-third of the total expenses. 
TABLE 9.—Distribution of farm expenses on 97 farms (Utah Lake Valley). 
On 22 farms operated. by own- 
On 75 farms operated by their owners. ers renting additional land. 
First | Second | -phira First | Second 
group (26| Fraitand | group (20 | “58° | group (8 group (1 Vor 
sma ve-stock smal enera’ 
Item of expense. farms) ens) farms). farms). farms). farms). farms). 
IRE Medl ine VICES ie. [ith coh (SE ae] hook Wie eul Teele leeratn (Beier Beare | ee 
ep Sa) EUS aE Sa Eb ise e isa sh Seas lea 
B +S6] & |leo| & |S! 8 186] 8 |S6! 8 1S6| 8 | Se 
al Qr Saal lon baal or bal [or ctf or baal Qe C= [oh 
8 |25| 8 |e5|] & |28] & |as|] & |2S] & |2S| &F las 
A A AY Ay Ay Ay Ay Ay Ay | Ay Ay Ay Ay | Ay 
Per Per Per Per Per Per Per 
cent. cent. cent cent cent. cent cent. 
Paid labor and board...-- a0 20.2 | $244 |20.4 | $397 |25.2 | $245 |22.3 | $68 {15.1 | $206 |18.8 |$156 | 18.2 
Family labor-.....-...-.- 9.5 | 192 |15.2| 218 |18.9] 154 |14.0] 38) 8.5] 110 /10.0] 84] 9.8 
Improvements and new 
equipments: --22--aee- 143 22520283) 2460 ZOO) | oleae Onl seem e= see 218 |19.9 | 138 | 16.1 
REWRITSE =2e scenes chee ce 23 | 3.6 51 | 4.3 59 | 3.7 43} 3.9] 38] 8.5 38 | 3.5] 38] 4.4 
HGGGE sen se tees £2 20.2 sesh 74 |11.5 79 | 6.6 | 221 |14.1 | 116 /10.5] 44/9.8 85 | 7.8] 70} 8.1 
Horseshoeing.....-..--- 10} 1.5 14] 1.2 19 | 1.2 14] 1.2 6 | 1.3 13} 1.2 | 10), 222 
Seed and fertilizers. ...-. 14 | 2.2 19} 1.6 8| .5 15 |] 1.3 GS |) alga 12}1.1 |] 10) 1.2 
aay materiales sss--- 6: 14 | 2.2 25 | 2.1 OP |e) 16] 1.4 2| .4 10] .9 7 -8 
chine work hired..... 20 | 3.1 30 | 2.5 43 | 2.7 30 | 2.7] 31 | 6.9 32 | 2.9| 32] 3.7 
Interest, taxes, etc...... 70 |10. 9 144 {12.0 175 |11.1 127 |11.4 | 157 |85.2 | 250 |22.8 | 216 | 25.1 
Miscellaneous area ae 41 | 6.4 80 | 6.7 65 | 4.1 60 | 5.4] 16 | 3.6 52/4.8] 38] 4.4 
Stock purchased......-- 43 | 6.7 34 | 2.8 97 | 6.2 54 | 4.9 43 | 9.6 69 | 6.3 60 7. 0 
otalsaerose ess 643 | 100 |1,195 | 100 |1,574 | 100 |1,105 | 100 | 448 | 100 |1,095 | 100 | 859 | 100 
1 Includes decrease inventory. 
Many operators pay members of the family for labor performed in 
rush periods at the same rate as is paid hired labor. The members of 
the family then buy their own clothes. Many men paid a substantial 
wage to grown or nearly grown sons for all work done on the farm. 
In these cases the labor was classed as hired labor. 
‘The item for machine work hired relates principally to the seed- 
ing of the sugar-beet crop. The factory furnishes seed, machine, 
and labor, and charges $2.75 per acre. No attempt was made to 
segregate the actual cost of the seed, as the work is a contract job at 
a flat rate. The part of this item not covered by the beet seeding 
deals largely with grain-binder and drill hire and that of orchard 
sprayers. The areas in grain are usually very small, and the oper- 
ators fully realize that it does not pay them to keep a drill or binder 
for such small acreages unless they can hire them out to their neigh- 
