18 BULLETIN 582, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
amount of labor exchanged between neighbors is small, and it is 
mutually corrective between groups. 
A minor, but a striking, factor bearing upon the labor used on all 
farms is the prevalence of abundant weed growths along the ditch 
banks. The fields are thus kept constantly seeded with weeds and 
are with difficulty kept clean. (See fig. 1, Pl. IV.) 
TABLE 13.—Labor used on different types of farm and the returns for labor. 
Small Small Large Large Live-stock farms. 
fruit general fruit general 
farms. farms. farms. farms. Dairy. | Poultry. 
SS 
Wumber of for eb pi uae Se 2 Ce as Sen 16 18 17 24 18 4 
Average per farm; 
y Aone DERE en cored meee se AS 17.47 17.18 51.2 62.08; 119.50 8.87 
Gropacreasespen es sateaceeee oe sen 14. 29 14. 12 41.08 45. 65 57.46 8.00 
Gait alse ee ear ees sea astarminie csi $6, 248 $6,400 | $13,915 | $13,125] $18,562 $6, 046 
Grop sales eee eee eens See $804 $700 $1, 630 $2,311 $1, 088 $278 
STOCK SSIES 7 sere te ceny ep ase ss ein $62 $30 $206 $103 $235 $160 
Stock product sales. .........-.-------- $47 | * $50 $108 $146 | 1$1,745 $859 
Miscellaneous receipts. -.-.-- Stéaae ones $155 $140 $159 $105 $50) een 5 
WA DOPATICOMO seer e meee ne aac tas $302 $383 $611 $646 $1, 427 33483 
Months of man labor used...---------- 17. 24 14. 46 24.57 20. 29 30.75 15.15 
FATIMA UINTES secre eee een ma eeal 4.33 4.31 9. 25 8. 81 231.60 10. 60 
Grain acres . 1.80 3.33 4.78 15. 25 12.11 2 
aa ee aS ae bushels 2 140 196 467. aL a 110 
acres 3}. PPTL 17.7 11. 1 
Hay and fodder............... tons. . 9. 66 8.50] 52.40| 37.42 102 5.25 
Beets ae 38 5.42 . 76 11.96 10. 37 2.10 
gas Ss ee aS EOE tons... 6.00 86. 20 10. 60 182. 92 194. 25 41.30 
Fruit acres .... 6.51 1.7 14.55 3.80 
Se seat tGh Te sia bushels 1, 542 180 2, 865 512.38 231.5 184.5 
Nonbearing fruit. 2.2.2.8... -. acres. . 1.94 silel 5.00 1.85 39 
Other crops) -- te------------=- dome 1.56 1.58 177 2.98 3 -6 
Crop areain intensive crops. -per cent... 72.7 62.8 53.8 45.1 27.5 51.2 
Crop area per man............_. acres. - 10.0 11.7 20.1 27.0 22.3 6.34 
Months oflabor per crop acre....._...- 1. 206 1.024 . 598 -444 .537 1.894 
Labor income per month oflabor...... $17.52 $26. 48 $24 $31. 83 $46. 41 $32. 54 
Number of work horses per farm...... 1.9 1.97 3.7 3.4 5.2 1.5 
Crop area per work horse. ...... acres... 7.52 7.17 11.10 13. 43 11.01 5.33 
1 Receipts from dairy products. 
217 milch cows. 
3 Omitting labor income of 1 exceptional farm, figure given is average for 3 units. 
SMALL FRUIT AND GENERAL FARMS. 
The crop area in the first two divisions of Table 13 is practically 
equal and the operators have the same number of live-stock units to 
look after. The small general farmer grows twice as much grain 
as the fruit grower, and has more than a third of the crop area in 
sugar beets, which are conspicuously absent on the small fruit farms. 
The orchardists have nearly a half of the crop area in fruit and 
more than an eighth in fruit not yet bearing. The men in group 
two have but little fruit. A few grow more than is needed for the 
family, while half of them grow none whatever. The general op- 
erator replaces fruit’ with sugar beets. The men on the smaller 
fruit farms use 17.2 man-months to care for their enterprises, or a 
fifth more than those on the small general farms. The difference in 
jabor used represents almost entirely labor hired by the day or by 
the piece, and it alone is sufficient to account for the difference in 
labor income of the two groups. The orchardists have 10 crop 
acres per man and the general farmers 11.7. The number of work 
