20 BULLETIN 582, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 
13. They averaged 8.9 acres in size, with 8 tillable acres, all in 
erops. Three of them averaged $483 in labor income. That of 
the fourth is not averaged, as he had a very profitable business, 
exceptionally well handled, and would raise the labor income for 
the four to a very misleading figure. Few then could hope to ap- 
proximate his come, and many who have gone into the business 
carelessly as a result of his success have failed miserably. The 
significant fact in this group, however, is that with a quality of 
poultry business which many farmers could reasonably expect to 
attain, these three operators made a labor income almost two-thirds 
larger than did the small fruit growers, and more than one-fourth 
larger than did the small general operators. It is also significant 
that the men in all three small groups had the same size of business 
and that there was not much difference in the amount of labor used 
per farm. The poultry men netted nearly twice as much per month 
of labor used as did the small orchardists ($32.54, as compared with 
$17.52), and nearly a fourth more than the small general farmers 
($32.54, as compared with $26.48). 
DAIRY FARMS IN COMPARISON WITH LARGE FRUIT AND GENERAL UNITS. 
The dairy farmers in Table 13 have considerably greater acreages 
in crops than the large orchardists and general farmers, while their 
total areas average twice as great as the average of the other two _ 
groups, the difference being due principally to the land used as pas-. 
ture. The dairy farms have 3.5 times the number of animal units 
as the above two groups average (31.6, compared with 9), and 17 of 
these animal units are milch cows. The dairymen grow 12 acres of 
grain, 30 of hay, and 104 of beets. Their orchard enterprises are 
largely for farm consumption, and the crop sales include little but 
beets, a little hay, milk or dairy products, calves, and considerable 
pork from farms producing butter. They use one-half more labor 
than the large general operators, and one-fourth more than the large 
orchardists. They grow one-tenth more crop acres per man than the 
fruit growers and one-fifth less than the general farmers. In addi- 
tion, however, the regular labor used cares for about 15 animal units 
per man, and with the aid of the manure dropped secures a third 
ilarger yield per acre Of grain, a ninth larger yield of hay, and a fifth 
larger yield of beets per acre than is secured by the operators in the 
other two groups of large farms. The men in column 5, Table 13, 
therefore, get more work done per unit of labor and the work is 
more efficiently done than is the case with these other two farm types. 
Their labor income per month of labor used is nearly twice that of 
the large orchardists ($46.41, compared with $24) and nearly 50 per 
cent greater than that secured by the general operators ($46.41; com- 
pared with $31.83). 
