STORAGE OF APPLES IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 7 
(4) Of even more importance than the comparative susceptibility 
of varieties is the relation of time of picking to scald. The amount 
and severity of scald in immaturely picked apples in cold storage 
are often enormous. As the picking season advances and the fruit 
matures and colors, the damage decreases, until at near full maturity 
the scald is comparatively slight. Plates IT and IV illustrate the 
effect of scald on Rome Beauty picked immaturely and at proper 
maturity after having been out of cold storage for almost three 
weeks. Plates I and III represent the general appearance of these 
same lots of apples at the time of picking. In the immaturely 
picked fruit very severe scald is followed by physiological decay. 
The intermediate lots have severe scald, but no physiological decay, 
while the apples picked at maturity show no scald whatever. Table 
I gives the average percentage of scald in six varieties of apples 
picked immaturely and at proper maturity upon their withdrawa 
from storage and also 10 days later. Plate II shows that the scald 
is confined principally to the uncolored portions on even the imma- 
ture apples. Severe scald is seldom found on well-colored fruit. 
Apples do not usually scald as badly in cold storage as in common 
or air-cooled storage houses. On withdrawal, however, scald may 
advance rapidly, and an apple that is perfect on withdrawal from 
cold storage may in a few days become worthless. Table I, except 
in the case of Rome Beauty and Arkansas Black, strongly empha- 
sizes this point. It should be noted, however, that the apples picked 
at proper maturity are comparatively free from scald, both in storage 
and after withdrawau. 
FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF JONATHAN SPOT IN STORAGE. 
While affecting Jonathans principally, Jonathan spot is one of the 
most serious and important skin blemishes, as Jonathans are grown 
very extensively in all the Northwestern States and this variety is one 
of the leading commercial sorts in this region. This trouble appears 
as a small brown or black spot in the skin, usually one-sixteenth to 
one-quarter of an inch across and more or less rounded. Jn later 
stages it may enlarge somewhat and sink slightly. The flesh beneath 
is seldom injured more than a darkening of the layers of cells next to 
the skin. When severe, these spots are found scattered thickly over 
the whole surface of the apple, greatly reducing its market value. 
(1) No other varieties are severely affected. by Jonathan spot, 
although it develops occasionally on Esopus, Rome Beauty, and others. 
(2) The spots on apples delaved two weeks or more before storage 
are usually considerably more numerous and severe than on those 
stored immediately after picking. 
(3) While the difference is not as striking as between immediate 
and delayed storage, there is considerably less Jonathan spot on 
apples stored at 32° F. than on comparable lots stored at 35° F. 
