; BULLETIN No. 591 ¢ 
‘ 
Contribution from the Bureau of Markets 
CHARLES J. BRAND, Chief 
Washington, D. C. PROFESSIONAL PAPER December 26, 1917 
MANUFACTURING TESTS OF THE OFFICIAL COTTON 
STANDARDS FOR GRADE. 
By Wim §. Dean, Assistant in Cotton Testing, and Frep Taytor, Cotton 
Technologist. 
CONTENTS. 
Page Page 
MAIMOMUCU OM a. oa seca. oo ea cc eee Sack ses 1 | eBleachingeteststofiyarne <2. eeepc ssece ce =e 18 
OniciHOnune COuLOM cms 22sec Se Dee sae ~'= =e 2 | Bleaching tests of piece goods.......-.....--- 21 
Spinning tests at cotton mill............-..-. 2 | Comparison of the results of spinning tests of 
Spinning tests at textile school-............. 8 the old permissive cotton grades with the 
Weather, relative humidity, and moisture present official cotton standards. --..-.-..-. 23 
content during spinning tests..............- 13) {MSUMMAT Yrs os cee asics ace eoee et cede 24 
Manufacturing properties...........-.-.-.-.- 17 
INTRODUCTION. 
The spmning tests herein described ! were conducted for the pur- 
pose of determining the relative intrinsic values of cotton of the 
grades of Middlimg Fair, Good Middling, Middling, Low Middling, 
and Good Ordinary. 
The principal factors considered in making the tests were: (1) The 
percentage of waste; (2) the tensile strength of the yarn; (3) the 
bleaching properties of the yarn and cloth; (4) the moisture content; 
and (5) other manufacturing properties of the cotton. 
1The cotton was purchased by Messrs. D. E. Earle, D.C. Griffith, W.C. Neale, and Hal Brown, cotton 
specialists. The grading was done by the board of examiners (a committee authorized to hear disputes 
under the provisions of the U.S. cotton futures Act). The tests, spinning and weaving, were conducted 
im representative mills at Fall River, Mass., and in the textile department of the North Carolina State 
College of Agriculture and Engineering, West Raleigh, N. C., under the general supervision of Fred 
Taylor, cotton technologist, and D. E. Earle, specialist in cotton classing, and were made by William S. 
Dean, assisted by George H. Anderson, assistant in cotton classing, and Messrs. J. J. W. Cooper, C. E. 
Coburn, C. E. Killingsworth, R. V. Hellams, and H. B. Richardson, assistants in agricultural technology. 
The bleaching tests were made by W. S. Dean and Prof. Everett H. Hinckley, in charge of chemistry, 
New Bedford Textile School, New Bedford, Mass., at bleacheries in Fall River and in the New Bedford 
Textile School. 
Note.—This bulletin should be of interest to cotton producers, manufacturers, and dealers. 
7875°—17—Bull. 591——1 
