TESTS OF OFFICIAL COTTON STANDARDS FOR GRADE. 3 
were mixed thoroughly. The cotton was run through a bale breaker 
and then through an air pipe, which conveyed it a distance of ap- 
proximately 200 feet, where it was deposited in a large pile. Inva- 
riably this was done late in the afternoon, and the loose cotton was 
left in this condition over night. 
While the cotton was passing through the breaker and finisher 
pickers and cards total weights of the stock were obtained after each 
process on scales sensitive to half an ounce. The different grades 
were run through the same machines and subjected to the same 
speeds, settings, drafts, etc., throughout all the manufacturing proc- 
esses, Subject to such changes as were necessary to maintain a cor- 
rect weight of the stock. The cards were stripped at regular inter- 
vals in conformity with the best mill practices. There was no ~ 
intermediate process of doubling in the picker room; therefore three 
processes of drawings were used. The bands, spindles, rolls, etc., on 
the spinning frame were examined carefully in order to eliminate in 
so far as possible such mechanical defects as would tend to reduce 
or vary the quality of the product. 
Table I gives the organizations of the machines used in the manu- 
facture of 22’s yarn. 
TaBLE I.—Organization of machinery for 22’s yarn. 
= ve Actual . P Twist per 
Machine. draft, |Doubling. Size. ia ane 
Pickers: 
Bale breaker— 
Openerandibreaker (combined) <=. 2: 2=-'- See -|ss-e-se-5-|----5-c0 = 16-071 aD ee| sae ee eee 
PSISH ET Meese Ennis late 2 ae 4.50 AS 132-07 ela pees |seeeeee eee ee 
BEGIS. — fs pee ne eA ee EME <2 99. 65 i) |W5Gerains= |e seen 
Drawing frames: 
IHIEStGn eT WING saree oe te ae oe eS. 5.38 6) (26225; or ainss ss aes 
SECONGIOTA WEN Sas sehen ee sok cele bes: ee 5. 43 Gal6Derainsee | he see eee 
ERNIE CHCnA WIT Sep ea en en ee ees st ee 5, BY GE) Vai erainses sss ees 
Fly frames: : 
Bld Delpsee seeeee sce as sobce Sane oss ee + ~s steerer 4.5 1/05 hank 0. 85 
. roving. 
mtenmedintessa so: suneerce oe Cae tel LS Eaemer 5. 60 2/)1.40 hank 1.42 
roving. 
IMG. = Genceneo See eeC Ge eee Saas aeme, oy 6, 28 2/44 hank 2. 51 
roving. 
Spinning: 
UII PSIn AM Chat ae sok a2 ee ieee os Lies 5 seme 10 7 Had a es gears ie 22. 23 warp. 
EUINI OBER ITIC mre neers eer Silo Se winratee see «ale eae See sae 10 DH P22 a uoomcemcee 17. 50 filling. 
WASTE PERCENTAGES. 
The percentages of waste discarded in the manufacturing processes 
from each of the five grades of cotton of both the.eastern and western 
upland lots are found in Table II. These percentages were computed 
in the following manner: The waste discarded at each machine was 
considered as being a certain percentage of the net amount of cotton 
fed into that machine, but the total percentages as given ‘through 
the card” were based on the net amount of cotton fed into the first 
waste-cleaning machine. The tare on the bales was not included in 
these calculations. 
