AGRICULTURE FOR SOUTHERN SCHOOLS. 11 
Lesson 21.—Pruning Young Trees. 
1. Directing the growth. 
2. Pruning the young tree which has been neglected. 
3. Special directions for forming heads on trees of different types. 
EXERCISE 6.—Pruning Young Trees. 
Inasmuch as pruning is largely an art involving skill to be devel- 
oped by practice, as much time as possible should be spent in the 
application of the principles discussed m the classroom in practical 
work in the orchard. In any fruit-growing community it should not 
be difficult to secure material for practice near the school. Although 
the work may be introduced by a demonstration from the instructor 
and should be supervised closely, its value will depend largely upon 
the amount of practice secured by each individual student. Usually 
it is not necessary for the school to own equipment for all the students, 
as they may bring tools from home. For young trees hand shears 
will suffice, but for older trees saws, long-handled shears, and ladders 
also will be needed. 
Lesson 22.—Pruning Trees in Bearing. 
1. Relation of pruning to fruit production. 
2. Special directions for pruning different kinds of trees in bearing. 
EXERCISE 7.—Pruning Bearing Trees. 
Lesson 23.—Renovating Old Orchards. 
1. Possibilities in renovation. 
2. Pruning, spraying, scraping, cultivation, and other operations involved. 
3. Top-working to change variety. 
Special reference.—The Profitable Management of the Small Apple Orchard on the 
General Farm, Farmers’ Bulletin 491. 
Exercise 8.—Pruning Neglected Trees. 
Lesson 24.—Strawberries. 
1. The botany of the strawberry plant. 
2. Soils and fertilizers for strawberries. 
3. Establishing the strawberry bed. 
4. Care and cultivation. 
Special references.—The following Farmers’ Bulletins: 198, Strawberries; 664, 
Strawberry Growing in the South. 
Lesson 25.—Bush Fruits. 
1. Raspberries. 
2. Blackberries and dewberries. 
3. Currants. 
4. Gooseberries. 
Special references.—The following Farmers’ Bulletins: 213,.Raspberries; 643, Black- 
berry Culture; 728, Dewberry Culture. Small Fruit Culture for Market, Yearbook 
1895. 
Lrsson 26.—Grapes. 
. Species of grapes. 
. Propagation of the grape. 
. Establishing a vineyard. 
. Care and management. 
. Enemies. 
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