16 BULLETIN 594, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. ~ 
TABLE II.—Leading wheat markets: Receipts, shipments, and flour production, in five- 
year averages (1911-1915)—Continued. 
Wheat and wheat 
Wheat. Wheat flour. laine: 
Principal wheat markets. Disposition. 
SC a ee MYC Pro- Ship- Re- Ship- 
ceipts. Ree ceipts. | duction.| ments. | ceipts. | ments. 
Milled. shi 
ipped. 
EASTERN AND SOUTHERN 
SHIPMENTS—Continued. 
Other markets—Continued. 
Portland, Me.— Bushels. | Bushels. | Bushels.| Barrels. | Barrels. | Barrels. | Bushels.| Bushels. 
Domestic wheat...... Ee BR Se se D588 Tal sie Sect poe ee Se peeenaeae 18,531 
Canadian shipments 
in bond...... Peed 7, 074 se * 197 Es * 960 aaa eee 
1G) S11 ee Se See Sse Oh Bee nee eile Mepebeeeel Metence sd SSB Woacoease 12,429 
Touisvilles 2. 0221222122) 5,035 | 25,670 135 2144 | 21,260 | 21,108] 5,683 5,121 
MenVers isso s eee see eee Op O16 Weed oan | ees EES el. coe... Bal eee SholGAl aes 
PACIFIC COAST WHEAT 
Seattle sesso 2 sae ceee ok 9,349 5, 020 4,678 548 1,049 1,243 | 11,815 10, 271 
MPacomia: 27st Sasso. fe ak oh 11, 902 6, 044 4,600 * 1,343 1,496 | 11,902 11,332 
SanshraneiscOsesse seer seaenes 6, 215 * 1 248 V260-) 2osescsis8 1210 | 11,885 11,193 
TerikweGl Oo cob ooeossockaus ve WEI) | pec eooase 13, 853: AIG ok See 997 | 19,651 18,339 
Spokane 2.22 see necen series MBSA) sae ee Rote otrel| cs es oteistesl| ez ee ell meee eee BSS Ik eee 5 
* No reports. 1 Exports. 2 Figures for 1915 only. 3 Averages for 1912-1915. - 
FREIGHT RATES. 
Most important element in price disparities represented by transportation costs. 
Export prices of wheat influence farm prices. 
Wheat takes a special rate; complicated rate structure; effect of reshipping, 
distance, and milling-in-transit rates on farm prices. 
The national wheat surplus, that is, the exports, constituted during 
the past 10 years, from 11 to 37 per cent of the production. It is 
the price received for this surplus which, broadly stated, tends to 
regulate the farm prices of the entire crop. Preceding maps have 
outlined the gradual elevation in the farm prices of wheat toward 
the seaboard, with minor increases culminating as each of the great 
markets is reached. In this progression a preponderant factor is 
cost of transportation, other items of distributive expense being 
usually in fractions of 1 cent per bushel. Evidently a definite pro- 
portion tends to exist between prices prevailing at the different 
markets, domestic and foreign, measured principally by differences 
in freight. In foreign markets tariffs often supervene to disturb 
this relationship. Prices paid to farmers for wheat tend to graduate 
from the markets in proportion to freight charges thereto. In 
surplus wheat areas farm prices decrease steadily with distance from 
markets, while in areas raising insufficient wheat for home needs 
prices are apt to be higher than they are near large markets, the 
increase in price being affected by Pee rates from the nearest 
surplus points. 
