26 BULLETIN 594, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Mountain division still receive relatively high prices for their wheat, 
but in wheat-exporting regions of this division the lowest farm prices 
prevail. 
As an ilustration, in figure 5 the course of price differences 
between Pennsylvania, an importing State, and Minnesota, an 
exporting wheat State, has been plotted. The difference in the 
price per bushel at the first period (1871-1875) was 52 cents; at 
the last (1911-1915), 11 cents. 
Similarly, in figure 6 the course of prices in Idaho, showing a 
transition from a State producing insufficient wheat at the beginning 
of the period to its present status as an exporting State, has been > 
compared with that of Oregon, an exporting State. When a defi- 
ciency State the disadvantage of its position resulted in a wheat price 
in Idaho 115 per cent of the United States average; and as an ex- 
porting State, disadvantageously situated as to wheat markets, its 
ratio has declined to 83 per cent of the average; but Oregon, a 
consistently exporting State, has increased its price ratio from 83 to 
94 per cent. 
_ Details are shown in Table IV. 
Taste I1V.—Farm prices of wheat, 1871 to 1915. 
[A review, by States and sections, of the trend of geographic price differences.] 
Measurement of changes in percent- 
Farm prices per bushel, in 5-year ages of the United States average 
averages. as base (100 per cent). 
State and geographic division. 
1911- | 1901— | 1891— | 1882- | 1871— | 1911- | 1901— | 1891- | 1882- | 1871- 
1915 | 1905 | 1895 | 18861 | 18752) 1915 | 1905 | 1895 | 1886! | 1875 
Cents. | Cents. | Cents. | Cents. | Cents. | P.ct. | P.ct. | P.ct. | P.ct. | P.ct. 
United States........... 87 42 60 78 102 100 100 100 100 100 
New England..........._. 104 100 90 122 151 120 138 150 156 148 
Middle Atlantic........._- 99 86 76 97 131 114 119 127 124 128 
East North Central... .... 94 79 62 81 102 108 110 103 104 100 
West North Central....._. 85 67 53 66 81 98 88 85 79 
South Atlantic............ 110 93 79 100 136 126 129 132 128 133 
East South Central....... 106 90 76 98 124 122 125 126 125 122 
West South Central....--- | 93 79 69 94 132 107 110 115 121 129 
Mountains ene nee een aee 86 81 68 OS ereees 99 112 113 1? ease ss 
Pacifices eae wal aires 85 71 59 75 102 98 99 98 96 100 
New Ene and: 
New ew Homa 
Vermont i552 eras oe 
Massachusetts. . 
Rhode Island. - 
Connecticut..........-..-- 
Middle Atlantic: 
INew Yorkies se ease: 99 87 78 97 131 114 121 130 124 128 
ew Jerseys ae 2st ae 101 86 78 99 136 116 119 130 127 133 
mnsylvania....-...-...- 97 84 73 96 127 iil 117 122 123 125 
Bast North Central: 
Hig. sc eRe es cae 98 83 65 87 110 113 115 108 112 108 
Indiana 2) Oe ia 95 81 61 82 102 109 112 102 105 100 
TWinois esse eee eee 93 77 59 78 95 107 107 98 100 93 
Michigan ee eecaseees sere 95 81 65] - 88 114 109 112 108 106 112 
Wisconsin.......-.---.--- 90 75 60 76 87 103 104 100 97 85 
1 1882-1886 taken instead of 1881-1885 in view of availability of statistics for a larger number of States 
beginning 1882. 
2 Values reduced to gold basis. 
