14 BULLETIN 595, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
shallowness of feeding reduces the quantity of available water that 
can be carried in the soil to about one-half of that available in deeper 
soils. The result of this is shown in the yields. (Table VII.) 
Taste VII.— Yields and cost of production of winter wheat by different methods at the 
Belle Fourche Field Station, 1909 to 1916, inclusive. 
Num- Yield per acre (bushels). 
ber of 
Treatment and previous plats 
crop. aver- Aver- 
aged. 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 age. 
Early fall plowed: Winter 
Vea ber peea ery hee Selle Ore il 34.4 0 0 0 21.8 13.4 20.4 8.8 12.4 
Late fall plowed: Winter 
WHOA ener Uh OR stint 1] 19.0 0 0 0) 16.2) 15.1] 34.8] 16.1 12.7 
Listed: Winter wheat... ... | 1 29.3 0 0 0 13.4 15.2] 41.2 15.2 14.3 
Subsoiled: Winter wheat....| 1 29.3 0 0 0} 18.7} 14.7] 25.2 8.5 12.1 
Summer tilled.............- 1} 32.4 9.2 0 0/ 86.5} 32.5} 59.3} 14.8 23.1 
Average of all 5 plats........|...2..-- 28.9 A Ba cctejecie| sie cence 21.3 | 18.2] 36.2] 12.7 14.9 
SUMMARY OF YIELDS AND DIGEST OF COST. 
+ Previous 
Tillage treatment. crop. 
Yields, values, etc. (average per acre). 
pe ee Barly Late fall iste Sub- Summer | Winter 
plowed lowed a plat) soiled tilled wheat 
(i plat). 1 plat). ‘| (1 plat). | (1 plat). | (4 plats). 
Yields of grain: 
DOQQ eee LE ENE bushels. . 34.4 19.0 29.3 29.3 32.4 28.0 
THEE en a Pe Cee do.... 0 0 0 0 9.2 0 
IHL i eee er A ae my TH do 0 0 0 0 0 0 
DO ee Se eC fi ent CE, URIS do 0 0 0 0 0 0 
TS HS SS OO AONE eT uy re do 21.8 16.2 13.4 18.7 36.5 17.5 
OSG Vig Ree ele Sars os od re eo do 13.4 15.1 15.2 14.7 32.5 14.6 
MOUG Mee OCB peo ol irk aes do. 20.4 34.8 41.2 25.2 59.3 30. 4 
a Ae a a is ee ieee sed pe a eae CT a oe do. 8.8 16.1 15. 2 8.5 14.8 12.2 
: PAVETASO 2 EON RIBE 2 Se) Aa Oa Ba 12.4 12.7 14.3 12.1 Zoe 12.8 
Crop value, cost, etc.: 
Wel oo.dGecs asaubsoenssqoss9Gessiisece $8. 68 $8. 89 $10.01 $8. 47 CUI esasecueen 
OSE ee ee ana aes Peba tc Pea es 6.32 5.65 5.03 7.03 10:64) 2s eee5 2 
J BAG) GU Gee AN Sa CS EEE a a 2.36 3.24 4.98 1.44 5.53 Piao 
During the last eight years there have been two total failures of 
winter wheat (1911 and 1912) at the Belle Fourche station. In 1910 
the only wheat produced was 9.2 bushels per acre on summer-tilled 
land. The average yield from summer tillage is almost double that 
from any other method, though in 1909 the yield from this method 
was less than from early fall plowing. Listing has produced the 
highest average yield of the continuous-cropping methods. While 
the average result shows a difference of only 0.3 of a bushel between 
early and late fall plowing, wide differences have been exhibited in 
the individual years. Generally the early fall plowing is very lumpy 
and is difficult to work down to form a compact seed bed. In years 
when there is considerable fall precipitation it is possible to work the 
