20 BULLETIN 597, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Questioning the fate of pupz if buried, a lot consisting of larve 
that had moved near to the surface before pupating were replaced in 
moist loam to a depth of 5 inches. The adults had no difficulty 
in penetrating this soil, as 29 emerged normally from 32 pupe. 
A lot of 15 larvee buried 4 inches under black loam and fresh horse 
manure produced 14 pups, many of which were located near the 
surface. Lachnosterna larve were present and during their develop- 
ment kept the soil well pulverized. Of the 14 pup, 8 produced 
normal adults. 
The experiments cited in Table III, with the exception of the 
lot of puparia eaten by a field mouse, show that the greater emer- 
gence percentage occurred when larvee‘were placed upon grass sod. 
By this method sufficient moisture was supplied, and at the same time 
the movement of the larve to the roots of the grass protected the 
pupez from excessive heat. In one lot 32 adults emerged from 35 
pup, and in another, under similar conditions, 38 adults emerged 
from 42 pupe. 
It is also noted from other experiments that excessive moisture 
or dryness is less favorable for the metamorphosis. 
EFFECT OF HEAT ON LARVA AND PUP. 
Doubtless numerous larve and pupe are subjected to heat, in 
barren places, when dropping from work horses driven upon the 
roads. This may not be confined to the heat of the sun, for horses 
standing in stalls may drop larve which are placed with the manure 
in piles that generate heat. The results of some tests are given in 
Table IV. 
