24 BULLETIN 597, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
TasLeE VI.—Fungus development upon pupe of Gastrophilus haemorrhoidalis 
in new tin boxes at Aberdeen, S. Dak., 1915-16. 
3 3 |g |Number| Adults | Temperature 
2 3 < || & |infected. emerged g 
Tavs m a Z Sls emergence. 
: a £ i) es 
from (Collection and environment. 3 Bi 5 ma Ie 
tectum. A a a S| = a é : 
2 5 ey NS GS AS ine Sh Ale a 
a |FIB/a)/ale/eis% a 
B A 3 ala|/SBi/a}/S)/o/s8 2 
(a & & |HIAI/AlAlalel/alia] = 
1915. f Hours.| 1915. | Days. GH oa SoSH 
June 111 | From perspiring horses. -- .|79-220 | June 15 | 34-36] 13 | 10/10} 3) 2} 2/| 88) 40 | 65.54 
Tune soy eset Once seem en ae tk a, ee 75 | June 30} 35-38] 10] 10) 10)....| 5] 1) 88) 40 | 64.66 
phate) Wiles ofa Oe Seen Sra eae 20-219 | June 25 | 30-32 | 34 | 29 | 29 5 a 6 | 85 | 41 | 63. 88 
July 6 | With fresh horse manure. -| 6-25 | July 13 Sy RAW BY DB leseel! Tl oseayp tH) yy Zab Ih (es, fale 
Do...| From perspiring horse .-.-- OR Aline ene SS aes TP s| yx Or Leer Ee he eects ees jose eens 
July 7 3] 3 1| 1] 85 | 41 | 62.12 
July 10 40 | 40 |. 14 | 11 | 85 | 41 | 64.32 
July 13 A Zh}. 1| 1] 85) 41 | 64.43 
1916. 
May 172 WA OF ee eo lakes 
June 22 1S, L1G | ee | ee Ae eres ee 
June 5 2 2 0| O! 76} 42 | 59.14 
Do.?..| With moist sand @\ se Saen| seme 
June 92 TO Oe Seals hea eeoe Nese enero least a 
June 24 | 59 | 59 24 | 15 | 96 | 48 | 74.67 
June 262 17 | 16 bre Bees wonnes 
June 27 | 13 | 12 |. 4| 6| 96) 56 | 75.73 
July 1) 4| 4]. 1 | 96 | 58 | 77.07 
July 182, With moist sand 1D {2 | Bopae ee te Se 
July 24) | 18 | 18 5 | 3/| 98| 51} 70.19 
! | 
1 Determined by Mrs. Flora W. Patterson as Sporotrichum minutum. 
2 Determined by Dr. A. T. Speare. 
Except the collection on May 17, 1916, larvee were not washed. 
od 
Several lots were sent to Dr. A. T. Speare, Mycoentomologist of 
the Bureau of Entomology, who made cultures and determined the 
characters showing that all the infestations were of one species and 
were not Sporotrichum. 
According to Dr. Speare about 50 per cent of the pupe sent to him 
produced adults. He reported that the fungus seemed to be restricted 
in its development to the chitinous wall of the puparium, and that 
death, if caused by the fungus, must have been brought about in some 
unusual way, as, for example, by closing the spiracles. However, 
the fungus seems to develop best at the rings of the segments and is 
seldom observed upon the posterior spiracles. 
In Table IV it will be observed that a fungus appeared upon pupe 
which had been subjected to heat tests, and this was apparently the 
same as has been observed in other experiments. A comparison of 
results and mortalities due to the fungi indicates that there is little 
hope of controlling the Gastrophilus by encouraging natural develop- 
ment of the fungus. Eighteen lots containing 283 larve produced 259 
pupee, of which 247 became infected with fungus in rearing experi- 
ments. Twelve of the lots, containing 194 pups, were retained for 
observations on mortality. Of these, 64 males and 47 females. 
emerged as normal adults, giving 57 per cent emergence. The adults 
