On the Migration of Birds. 173 



mean day of arrival in Hungary, for the year 1898, was 

 April 8th — since rectified to April 7th, on the basis of more 

 than 10,000 data. From these series followed the settling- 

 maps which show that the Swallow settles in Hungary in 

 spring, coining* from S. ; the White Stork from S.E. to 

 N.W. ; the Wagtail, from W. to E. ; the Woodcock, from 

 S.W. to O. ; the Cuckoo, from S.E. to N.W. ; etc. All 

 positive facts which it would not have been possible to estab- 

 lish by the old method. 



And if you ask me what else we have determined by our 

 method ? I answer as follows : we know that the Swallow 

 settles in the areas of Europe from Gibraltar to Luleâ in 105 

 days ; that the young Swallows are already fledged in 

 Gibraltar, when the old ones for Luleâ only arrive ; that the 

 settling of Hungary may last as long as 70 days ; that the 

 Swallow remains here on an average 167 days. This must 

 be sufficient ; if I were to enumerate all the facts brought to 

 light by the inductive method, I should be obliged to put 

 your patience to a severe test, but the result would only be to 

 show that Hungary is the best-observed and the best worked- 

 out country. The whole work is still only a local one, even if 

 taken in the widest sense of the word. 



By means of our historical data and with our system of 

 observation-stations which have been working these ten 

 years, we have determined the average time of arrival of all 

 migratory birds known in Hungary, and there is no doubt that, 

 if our example is followed by other countries, we shall obtain, 

 year after year and for each observation point separately, an 

 always improving picture of the movement and of its fluctua- 

 tions. This would be a decided gain. 



We, Hungarians, work now only with 300,000 critically 

 determined data. This is much, but yet far from enough, if 

 we take into account the areas still absolutely unknown or 

 from which we hardly possess any data. 



For the working out of the migration of the Cuckoo, we 

 have hitherto collected from the whole area of distribution 

 30,000 positive data ; but we are still without records from 

 the Iberian peninsula, the Balkans and the larger part of 

 Italy. 



From England, on the contrary, we possess a most 



