206 Walter Rothschild: 



The bulk of these are to be found in the New Zealand 

 region, in the Sandwich Islands, and the West Indies. In 

 the New Zealand region the introduction of stoats, weasels, 

 polecats, cats, etc., to destroy the rabbits, is the chief cause 

 of destruction, and a very few years will see the annihilation 

 of most of the indigenous birds. The following are those 

 principally threatened : On New Zealand : Tumagra crassi- 

 rostris, Xenicus longipes, Xenicus gilviventris, Xenicus stdkesi, 

 Acanthidositta chloris, Acanthidositta citrina, Stringops habro- 

 ptilus, Ocydromus australis, Ocydromus earli, the so-called 

 Ocydromus brachypterus, which is a melanism of Ocydromus 

 earli or australis, Anarhynchus frontalis, Aptéryx australis, 

 A. australis mantelli, Aptéryx haasti, Aptéryx oweni, and 

 Aptéryx oweni occidentalis. We also find on New Zea- 

 land that Gerthiparus novaezealandiae, Clitonyx ochrocephala, 

 Anthornis melanura, Bowdleria punctatus and Boivdleria 

 fulvescens are seriously threatened. On the Chatham Islands 

 we find that a very few years will see the end of the 

 following birds : Anthornis melanocephala , Gallinago pusilla, 

 Oyanorhamphus forbesi, TLemiphaga chathamensis and Thinornis 

 novaezealandiae, while on Antipodes Island Oyanorhamphus 

 unicolor and Oyanorhamphus erythrotis are doomed. 



I now come to what I consider the most dastardly outrage 

 imaginable, and it only shows to what lengths greed will 

 take men. On Antipodes, Auckland, and the Macquarie 

 Islands, there have been established huge cauldrons, and the 

 unfortunate and absolutely helpless Penguins are being boiled 

 down for making oil. Already some 200 or 300 tons of this 

 oil have been made, representing the slaughter of some 

 millions of Penguins, and a very few years will see the blotting 

 out of Aptenodytes patachonica, Megadyptes antipodum, 

 Oatarrhactes schlegeli, Catarrhactes pachyrhynchus, and Catarr- 

 hactes selateri. On the Sandwich Islands, on Hawaii, 

 Telespiza palmeti, Viridonia sagittirostris, and Ohloridops 

 Icona, are seriously threatened. On Kauai the introduction 

 of the Mynah, Acridotheres tristis, and the black rat, means 

 the doom of Phaeornis myadestina, Phaeornis palmeri, 

 Ohasiempis sciateti, Moho braccatus, Loxops caeruleirostris, 

 Himatione stejnegeri, Oreomyza bairdi, Oreomyza parva, Hemig- 

 nathus procerus, and Heterorhynchus hanapepe ; while on 



