452 Ernesto Schmitz : 



If you ask me about migration and stragglers, so far as 

 they have been observed in Madeira, let me only say, firstly, that 

 several of our breeding birds, which are migratory birds in 

 Europe, remain in Madeira the whole year ; secondly, that 

 some European migratory birds pass their winter in Madeira, 

 e.g., the Kittiwake ; thirdly, that stragglers appear in 

 Madeira as a rule only for a few days on their way to 

 and from Africa ; fourthly, that they do not come to Madeira 

 while following their regular route, but when forced by 

 storms or other extraordinary meteorological changes. It is 

 nearly always under such circumstances that stragglers appear. 

 During 20 or 30 years certain sjjecies have only appeared 

 once or twice after heavy storms, but in no other years. 

 Thus we had one year after a storm a regular inundation 

 of Cuckoos, in another an influx of Night-Herons, on another 

 occasion a migration of Scops Owls, of Lesser Egrets, etc. 

 There are, however, other stragglers which appear in smaller 

 bands every year from time to time. 



As many of you might be interested in knowing which are 

 the new stragglers noticed and obtained in Madeira since the 

 last publication two years ago, I may state the following in 

 chronological order : — • 



Ortygometra parva, Scoj) 30.1.03 Little Crake. 



Caprimulgus ruficollis, Temni. 10.11.03 Red-necked Nightjar. 



Anas ferina (L.) 28.11.08 Pochard. 



Ballus aquaticus (L.) 4.12.03 Water Rail. 



Glareola pratincola 18.5.04 Common Pratincole. 



Muscicapa atricapilla 7.10.04 Pied Flycatcher. 



Spatula clypeata 27.10.04 Shoveler. 



Pratincola rubicola (L.) 10.11.04 Stonechat. 



Hypolais poliglotta (Vieill.) ... 10.11.04 Melodious Warbler. 

 Acrocephalus phragmitiSyJàehst. 10.11.04 Sedge Warbler. 

 Acrocephalus streperus (Vieill). 10.11.04 Reed Warbler. 



Plectrophenax nivalis (L.) 10.11.04 Snow Bunting. 



Anthus trivialis (L.) 10.11.04 Tree Pipit, 



Lams glaucus 3.1.05 Glaucous Gull. 



Larus leucopterus 27.1.05 Iceland Gull. 



Sturnus vulg. intermedins 26.2.05 Purjile- headed Star- 

 lino-. 



