10 BULLETIN 838, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



MALE PREPUPA. 



With the second molt, the male larva assumes the form of a partly developed 

 pupa, called the prepupa (PI. VI, B). Form elongate oval; length 0.93 mm., 

 width 0.50 mm. Color pale glassy brown, eyes black. Antennae short, reaching 

 to base of anterior legs and now indistinctly 10 segmented. Wing pads very 

 short, curving under body to middle pair of legs. Anterior legs reaching for- 

 ward, covering " face," the two posterior pairs lying against abdomen. Mouth 

 parts wanting. Segmentation of thorax indistinct. Prepupa incapable of move- 

 ment, except in abdominal segments and anterior legs, which may be feebly 

 moved. 



MALE PUPA. 



With the third molt, the male becomes a true pupa (PI. VI, C), greatly re- 

 sembling the adult male, except for the lack of anal wax filaments, and the 

 possession of wing pads instead of wings. General color light brown, head and 

 large, conspicuous wing pads paler, legs and antennse glassy white, eyes black. 

 Antennse distinctly 10-segmented and longer, reaching to base of middle pair 

 of legs. Wing pads appressed to sides of body and extending posteriorly to 

 second abdominal segment. Legs capable of some movement, anterior pair 

 extending beyond the head ; middle femora placed transverse to and extending 

 beyond lateral margin of body, rear pair inclining posteriorly. The larval eyes 

 have disappeared, and have been replaced by one dorsal and one ventral pair. 

 Mouth parts replaced by an approximate pair of eyes. Length 0.95 mm. ; width 

 0.45 mm. 



ADULT MALE. 



(PI. VI, D, E.) 



Measurements of average adult male: Length of body (exclusive of ap- 

 pendages) 0.75 mm.; antennae 0.55 mm.; wax filaments 0.93 mm.; wing ex- 

 panse 2.15 mm. General color light brown with paler brown appendages. 



Antennse (PI. V. A, 1) 10-segmented, rather hairy, first joint short and 

 broad, second rather long and broad, others more slender. Antennal formula : 

 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 (10, 2), 1. Legs rather long, slender, and somewhat hairy. 

 Wings transparent white, slightly iridescent and pubescent. A veinlike thick- 

 ening, beginning at base of wing, branching near base, one branch paralleling 

 costal margin, the other extending toward anal distal margin. Club-shaped 

 halteres each bearing a hook, which catches in a pocket on anal margin of 

 wing. Abdomen terminating in a short blunt style. Two long white wax 

 filaments arising one on either side of base of style, and extending posteriorly. 

 Each filament arising from a number of pores which surround base of two 

 long slender setae. Setae enveloped by wax filaments. 



SUMMARY. 



As will be noted from the foregoing descriptions, there are three 

 instars (excluding the egg) in the female. These all have legs, which 

 are not used after the larva is attached. All stages are found in 

 crevices or under some covering on the bark and are nearly or com- 

 pletely concealed by the enveloping cottony wax. Newly hatched 

 first-instar larvae may be found crawling actively over the bark 

 before attachment. 



There are five stages in the male. The first two stages are found in 

 similar positions, but the second stage after becoming full grown re- 



