6 BULLETIN 849, TJ. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



(2) in the down-town retail section of the city, and (3) in the resi- 

 dential section. Heretofore it has been the general custom to locate 

 the plant in the wholesale district near good railroad facilities. The 

 tendency in recent years, however, has been to build it near the center 

 of distribution rather than near the railroad terminal. 



The advantages of having a milk plant in the wholesale district 

 are: 



Railroad facilities make it more convenient for receiving the 



milk. 

 It is a considerable distance from the residence districts, and 



there are less likely to be complaints of noise, smoke, etc. 



The disadvantages of locating a plant in the wholesale district are : 



It is away from the center of distribution. 



There are no advertising benefits. 



The district usually is rather insanitary and the air is filled 



with dust. 

 Property is often expensive. 

 Few retail counter sales are made at the plant. 



The chief advantages of being in the retail district are : 



Advertising benefits. . 



Retail counter sales, which are valuable not only for the actual 

 sales made but for the new trade obtained thereby. 



The principal disadvantages in the retail district are : 



Property is expensive. 

 Less convenient for receiving milk. 

 May not be convenient for distribution. 

 More street traffic. 



The advantages of a plant in the residential district are : 



It is nearer the center of distribution and property is less 



expensive. 

 Retail counter sales are made and new customers obtained at 



the plant. 

 Pure air. 

 Less congestion of traffic and more quiet surroundings. 



The disadvantages in the residential district are : 



Poor railroad facilities. 

 Less advertising benefit. 

 Possible restrictions in regard to operation. 



CLASSES AND TYPES OF PLANTS. 



Plants may be classified, according to the method of handling the 

 milk in the plant, into the following 6 classes : 



1. Gravity, more than one story. — In this class of plants the milk 

 in cans is elevated above the first floor and dumped. It then flows 

 by gravity through pasteurizing and other machinery without the 

 use of a milk pump. 



