CITY MILK PLANTS! CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT. 



17 



quired to handle milk loaded direct from storage room through two 

 or more loading openings. In view of current labor costs this is a 

 highly important point to consider in deciding on the arrangement 

 of a milk pknt. The cost of construction is an expense to be met 

 only once, whereas the expense of labor is continuous. 



Table 3. — Comparison of time and men required to load delivery wagons at 

 plants using various systems of loading. 



System of loading. 



Num- 

 ber 

 of 

 plants. 



Number of 



wagons loaded 



daily per 



plant. 



Aver- 

 age. 



Varia- 

 tion. 



Aver- 



/ 

 Aver- 



Aver- 







age 

 .num- 

 ber 

 men 

 per 



age 

 hours 



of 

 labor 



per 

 plant. 



age 

 hours 



of 

 labor 



per 



Average 



time 



per 



plant. 



Average 



time 



per 



wagon. 



plant. 



wagon. 













Minutes. 



Minutes. 



4 



16 



0.73 



2!0 



10.9 



3.2 



21.11 



.58 



314 



8.6 



6 



22.2 



.42 



ISO 



3.4 



3 



7. 5 



.47 



150 



9.4 



8 



21.5 



.23 



160 



1. 75 



5.3 



14.5 



.19 



150 



2 



6.5 



16.3 



.15 



160 



1.4 



Aver- 

 • age 

 num- 

 ber 

 wagons 

 loaded 

 per 

 hour. 



A (inside building) 



B (exterior platform trucks) 



C (exterior platform con- 

 veyers) 



D ("direct from storage — 1 

 door or chute) 



E '(direct from storage — 2 

 doors or chutes) 



F (direct from storage — 3 

 doors or chutes) 



G (direct from storage — 4 or 

 more doors or chutes) 



22 

 36.5 



105. 5 



21-73 

 10-80 



78-100 

 50-130 

 80-131 



17.7 

 6.4 

 34.3 

 30 

 42.9 



It will be noted that there is a slightly less regular decrease in 

 respect to "Average time per wagon," the size of the plant being a 

 very important consideration in this problem. The sizes of the 

 plants studied are indicated under "Average number wagons loaded 

 per plant." System G would be practicable for only the larger-sized 

 plants, while systems E and F would be impracticable for small 

 plants. More men are usually required with systems E, F, and G 

 than with systems A, B, and D. 



It is usually desirable to load all the wagons within two or three 

 hours if possible. The data in the table seem to indicate that when 

 75 to 100 or more wagons are to be loaded in this time either a con- 

 veyer system or a system of loading direct from the storage room 

 through two or more doors or chutes is essential. While with these 

 systems more men are required, the time per wagon loaded as well as 

 the "Average hours of labor per wagon " loaded is considerably less 

 than with the other methods, and the time element is very important 

 where a considerable number of wagons are to be loaded. 



These points illustrate the inefficiency of loading wagons ' within 



the plant and without having a platform. The milk must be brought 



from the storage room on hand trucks and each case of milk must be 



lifted from the trucks to the wagon. If the wagons are loaded from 



158803°— 20— Bull. 849 3 



