CITY MILK PLANTS! CONSTRUCTION- AND ARRANGEMENT. 



19 



be loaded at one time as there are doors. Thus the wagons are loaded 

 in rapid succession and only slightly more than a minute (average) 

 per wagon is required at some plants having three or more doors. 

 When only one door is used more time is required per wagon. Where 

 an exterior j^latform is used, whether the milk is convej^ed from the 

 storage room or trucked, usually two or more wagons may be loaded 

 at the same time. 



UNLOADING DELIVERY WAGONS. 



Three systems of unloading the " returns " from the wagons re- 

 turning from the routes are shown in Table 4. 



Table 4. — Time and men required to unload delivery wagons {"returns'''') at 

 various plants using different systems. 



Type of plant. 



A. Conveyer system (power 



or gravity) 



B. Wagons unloaded on plat- 



form; then hand trucks. 



C. Wagons unloaded in in- 



terior of plant and 

 hand trucks used 



Number 



of 

 plants. 



Average 

 number 



of 

 wagons 



per 

 plant. 



88.4 

 57.6 



Average 



number 



of 



men 



per 



plant. 



3.7 

 2.6 



Average 



time 



per 



plant. 



Minutes. 

 177 

 240 



127 



Average 

 hours 



of 



labor 



per 



plant. 



11.2 

 11.5 



Average 

 hours 



of 



labor 



per 



wagon. 



0.13 

 .20 



Average 

 time 

 per 



wagon. 



Minutes. 

 2 

 4.2 



Wagons 



un- 

 loaded 



per 

 hour. 



30.0 

 14.4 



It will be noted that for plants with a large number of wagons 

 considerable time may be saved by using conveyers, as shown under 

 system A, and that much time may be wasted by unloading the 

 wagons within the plant. When a platform is used several wagons 

 may be unloaded at one time, and when conveyers are used the 

 driver simply throws his load on to the conveyer, and in this way the 

 work is done at a rapid rate. 



DIVISION OF ROOMS. 



For economy of operation and sanitation, a division of rooms is 

 essential in the modern milk plant. In many small plants the greater 

 part of the work is done in one room, but in the larger and more 

 modern plants a special room is provided for each operation. Each 

 room should be laid out and constructed for the particular purpose 

 for which it is designed. 



In the receiving room the milk is inspected, sampled, and weighed. 

 This room contains the weigh tank, scales, and milk-sampling out- 

 fit, and should be screened and separate from the other parts of the 

 plant. After the cans are dumped they are drained, washed, steril- 

 ized, and returned. The can-washing apparatus should be located 

 either in the receiving room or in a room adjoining it. 



