70 



BULLETIN 126, U. S. DEPARTMENT OE AGKICULTTJKE. 



that all work was done by force account. The prices for labor and 

 material indicate that the work was done considerably cheaper than 

 in the previous year. Laborers were procured for $2 per day without 

 board and men with teams for $4 per day each. Cement cost $2.95 

 per barrel delivered at the work. 



BELGO-CANADIAN FRUIT LANDS, KELOWNA, BRITISH COLUMBIA. 



About 3,000 feet of this company's main canal, 11 miles long, and 

 about 4 miles of its lateral ditches have been recently lined with 

 concrete to prevent seepage losses in a porous soil. On the main 

 canal a 3-inch thickness of lining has been used for a finished section 

 having a bottom width of 3.5 feet, depth 3.75 feet, and side slopes of 

 \ to 1. Lateral linings are 2\ to 3 inches thick on slopes, with a 3- 

 inch thickness on bottoms which vary in width from 9 inches to 2 feet. 

 xAiter excavating the channel to be lined, a drain filled with loose 

 rock or gravel was made beneath the bed. Cross drains from this 

 through the lower bank were placed at 500-foot intervals. The -forms 



shown in figure 7 were 

 '/i'*?" bolt at joint s j«— IJL/ tnen set and bolted 



together. Galvan- 

 ized-iron plates placed 

 outside the forms were 

 spaced with pieces of 

 lumber, and after the 

 earth was back-filled 

 and tamped behind 

 the plates concrete 

 was poured between 

 them and the forms. 

 The galvanized plates 

 and spacing pieces were withdrawn as the space was filled with con- 

 crete. The bottom of the ditch was then floated in and the edges 

 smoothed, using for this purpose the excess concrete which had passed 

 over the forms. The forms were left in place 48 hours. 



Curves were made by using special short forms having the outer 

 edge superelevated \ to 1 inch according to the degree of curvature. 

 In placing the concrete around sharp curves, special galvanized 

 plates were used to close the gap at the outer edge of the forms. 



No cost data could be secured on the lining of the main canal. 

 The cost of lining laterals per square foot and exclusive of excavation 

 varied from SO. 118 in the larger to $0,142 in the smaller ones. These 

 costs include excavation, back-filling, rock drains, and supervision. 

 The work was done late in the fall when protection against frost 

 increased the cost. Cement cost $3.75 per barrel delivered, common 

 labor $2.75 per day. and skilled labor $4 per day. 



—Section of form used for placing concrete lining, Belgo- 

 Canadian fruit lands, Kelowna, British Columbia. 



