74 



BULLETIN 126, U. S. DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTURE. 



CENTRAL OREGON IRRIGATION CO., DESCHUTES, OREG. 



The north canal of this company is concrete lined and diverts water 

 from the Deschutes River a short distance below Bend, Oreg. 



A 1:4:5 mixture of Portland cement, sand, and crushed rock was 

 used on this work, the extra amount of sand being required to replace 

 a considerable portion of the grout lost in the dry wall back of the 

 lining. In preparation for lining the earth slopes, made 1^ to 1 to 

 avoid the necessity for forms, were finished to within 4 inches of the 

 inner surface of the completed work. The rock slopes, however, 



were so badly broken 

 that it was necessary 

 to fill cavities with 

 hand -laid drv walls 

 (fig. 8). 



Sectional forms 

 made of shiplap were 

 used repeatedly on the 

 6,300 lineal feet of 

 canal through rock, but 

 no forms were used on 

 the 1,000 lineal feet of 

 canal in earth. Expansion joints spaced at 12-foot intervals along 

 the sides and bottom were made of \ by 4 inch wooden strips left in 

 the finished concrete. 



Fig. 8. 



-Section of concrete-lined canal in rock, Central Oregon Irri- 

 gation Co., Deschutes, Oreg. 



DAVIS & WEBER COUNTDZS CANAL CO., OGDEN, UTAH. 



During the years 1909 and 1910 this company enlarged and con- 

 crete lined 9^ miles of its main canal. When the canal was built in 

 the eighties it carried less than 100 second-feet, but its capacity has 

 been increased from time to time until in 1909 it reached 200 second- 

 feet. It has been difficult and expensive to maintain this canal 

 owing to its location near the top of a steep hillside flanking the Weber 

 River on the south. In July, 1893, the writer made a series of current 

 meter measurements to determine the seepage losses throughout its 

 length. The results showed a discharge at the headgate in Weber 

 Canyon of 105.5 second-feet which in 9^ miles seepage had reduced 

 to 78-J- second-feet, representing a loss of 26 per cent of the total 

 diversion from the river. This seepage water found its way into the 

 steep hillside and during 25 years of its operation as an un lined canal 

 produced an endless variety of slides throughout a length of 7 miles. 

 In fact, the whole hillside for this distance seemed to have been sub- 

 jected to a severe earthquake shock. Tracts, several acres in extent, 

 traversed by the canal have been known to drop through a vertical 

 height of 7 feet as a result of the action of seepage waters on the 

 underlying materials, and buildings located more than 600 feet from 



