YIELDS FEOM DISTILLATION OF CERTAIN HARDWOODS. 7 



weight is therefore assumed to be the same for all forms, and the 

 yields per cord computed on this basis. 



For comparison with commercial conditions it is better also to 

 express the yields per cord in terms of commercial products, and so 

 they are computed as 82 per cent crude wood alcohol and 80 per cent 

 gray acetate of lime. 



YIELDS ON PERCENTAGE WEIGHT BASIS. 



ALCOHOL AND ACETIC ACID. 



VARIATION AMONG SPECIES. 



The average yields of total acetic acid and wood alcohol, expressed 

 in percentages of the oven-dry weight of the material distilled, are 

 shown in Table 2. 



Table 2. — Yields of alcohol and acetic acid in percentages of oven-dry weight of material 



distilled. 



YIELD OF WOOD ALCOHOL (100 PER CENT). 



Species. 



Locality. 



Heart- 

 wood. 



Slab 

 wood. 



Lum- 

 ber. 



Mean 

 heart- 

 wood 

 and 

 slab 

 wood. 



Aver- 

 age 

 lum- 

 ber 

 and 

 heart- 

 wood. 



Other forms. 







P.ct. 



1.95 



2.23 

 1.45 

 1.62 

 1.94 

 1.94 

 1.76 

 .90 



P.ct. 



1.79 



2.09 

 1.55 

 1.59 

 1.91 



1.78 



1.73 



.87 



P.ct. 

 2.04 



1.67 

 1.59 



2.08 

 1.51 



P.ct. 



1.87 



2.16 

 1.50 

 1.605 

 1.93 

 1.86 

 1.75 

 .89 



1.33 



1.39 



11.86 



P.ct. 

 1.99 



1.54 

 1.76 



2.08 

 1.43 



P. ct. 

 /Bark 1.25 



Do 



Pennsylvania . . . 



Wisconsin 



Pennsylvania... 



Wisconsin 



Pennsylvania... 



Missouri 



New Jersey 



(Sapwood... 1.97 



Birch 





Do 







Bark 1.88 



Do 











Limbs 96 







White oak 



do 



1.34 

 1.33 

 1.56 



1.33 

 1.46 



1.86 





Do 



Arkansas 



Missouri 







Limbs i 1.64 









YIELD OF ACETIC ACID (100 



PER 



CENT). 













5.56 



5.77 

 6.71 

 6.19 

 5.42 

 5.66 

 5.70 

 5.50 



6.18 



6.21 

 6.88 

 6.10 

 5.11 

 5.44 

 5.23 

 5.26 



5.78 



6.62 



5.58 



5.05 



4.84 



5.87 



5.99 

 6.80 

 6.15 

 5.24 

 5.55 

 5.46 

 5.38 



4.87 

 4.29 

 5.19 



5.65 



6.68 

 5.49 



5.05 

 4.78 



/Bark 



\Sapwood.. 



Bark 



Limbs 



Limbs 



. 2.98 



Do 



Pennsylvania... 



Wisconsin 



Pennsylvania . . . 



Wisconsin 



Pennsylvania... 



Missouri 



New Jersey 



. 6.67 



Birch 





Do 





Maple 



. 3.15 



Do 











6.42 







White oak 



do 



4.97 

 4.23 



4.49 



4.77 

 4.35 

 5.19 





Do 



Arkansas 



Missouri 







1 5.64 







1 Heartwood not included in average, since only one distillation was made on this material. 



The yields of alcohol and acetic acid vary a great deal among the 

 different species, more so for alcohol than for acetic acid. A given 

 species may rank high in its yield of alcohol but low in its yield of 

 acid. Thus chestnut,- which gives the lowest yield of alcohol, is 

 among the highest in yield of acid; and hickory, which is among 

 the highest in alcohol yield, is among the lowest in acid yield. 



