16 



BULLETIN 129, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



high carbon content or high crushing strength is required it might 

 not be suitable. 



The yields of tar are also somewhat higher than those usually 

 obtained in practice, and this can not be explained entirely by the 

 low maximum temperature of distillation, since further distillation 

 of the charcoal at higher temperatures gave increased production of 

 tar. (See p. 4.) It is probable, however, that under the experi- 

 mental conditions of distillation there was less tar decomposed into 

 gas and coke than under commercial conditions where part of the 

 tar would be subjected to considerably higher temperatures after 

 formation. 



Table 9. — Average yields per cord cf pyroligneous acid, charcoal, and tar from various 



species. 1 



PYROLIGNEOUS ACID (MINUS MOISTURE). 



Species. 



Beech 



Do.... 

 Birch 



D3-... 



Maple 



Do.... 

 Red gum . . 

 Chestnut . . 

 Hickory . . . 

 White oak. 



Do.... 

 Tupelo 



Locality. 



Indiana 



Pennsylvania . 



Wisconsin 



Pennsylvania. 



Wisconsin 



Pennsylvania . 



Missouri 



New Jersey. .. 



Indiana 



....do 



I Arkansas 



| Missomi 



Heart- 

 wood . 



Lbs. 



1,062 

 1,180 

 1,152 

 1,249 

 1,120 

 1,125 

 1,098 

 790 



1,230 

 1,155 

 1,081 



Slab 

 wood. 



Lbs. 

 1,165 



1,158 

 1,159 

 1, 135 

 1,001 

 1,164 

 917 

 044 



1,170 

 1, 120 

 1,065 



Lum- 

 ber. 



Lbs. 

 1,119 



1,220 

 "1,207 



1, 495 

 1,275 



Mean 

 heart- 

 wood 

 and 

 slab 

 wood. 



Lbs. 

 1,113 

 1,169 

 1,156 

 1,192 

 1,145 

 1,145 

 1,005 

 716 



1, 200 

 1,135 

 1.073 



Aver- 

 age 

 lumber 

 and 

 heart- 

 wood. 



Lbs. 



1,085 



1,167 



"i'm 



1, 455 

 1,156 



Other forms. 



Lbs. 



Sapwood.. 1,149 



Limbs . 



714 



Limbs 1,049 



CHARCOAi 



Beech 



Do 



Indiana 



Pennsylvania 

 Wisconsin 



1,417 

 1,335 

 1,315 

 1,228 

 1,341 

 1,352 

 1,058 

 1,041 



1,297 

 1,383 

 1,284 

 1,300 

 1, 515 

 1,268 

 1,360 

 1,160 



1,385 

 1,286 

 1,348 



1,500 

 1,625 



1,357 

 1,359 

 1,300 

 1,265 

 1,344 

 1,310 

 1,210 

 1,102 



1,875 

 1,654 

 1,402 



1,403 

 1,303 

 1, 430 



1,500 

 1,715 



Sapwood. 



Limbs. .. 

 Limbs... 



1,470 



Birch 





Do 



Pennsylvania 



Wisconsin 





Maple 





Do 



Pennsylvania 





Chestnut 



New Jersey 



1,061 







1,858 

 1,580 

 1,400 



1,892 

 1,734 

 1.405 





Do.. . 







Tupelo 



Missouri 



. 1,320 









TOTAL TAI 







319 

 299 

 325 



426 

 41S 

 422 

 336 

 102 



349 

 359 

 285 

 347 

 310 

 416 

 215 

 80 



342 



:-'S 



500 



519 

 331 



332 

 329 

 307 

 385 

 450 

 418 

 276 

 91 



203 

 338 

 364 



329 

 330 

 360 



519 

 2S5 



Sapwood.. 



Limbs 



Limbs .... 



250 



Do 



Birch 



Pennsylvania 





Do 



Maple 



Pennsylvania 





Do 



Pennsylvania 









Chestnut 



Hickory 



New Jersey 



Indiana 



173 



White oak 



do 



237 

 349 



3 is 



173 

 327 

 370 





Do 







Tupelo 





447 









The weights per cord were derived as explained on p. 6. 



WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1914 



