CITRUS FRUIT INSECTS IN MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES. 31 



ments to the United States were of a few small shipments during the 

 last two or three years from Seville. The use made of these ship- 

 ments was not known, but was no doubt for the manufacture of 

 marmalade, as is the case with all the bitter orange product of Seville. 

 One hundred and fifty thousand cases are exported annually from 

 Seville, mostly of the sour or bitter orange, and practically all are 

 sent to Great Britain for the manufacture of marmalade. 



LOCATION. 



The important citrus fruit areas of Italy are on the Island of Sicily, 

 in the Provinces of Calabria and Campania, and along the Riviera 

 di Ponente and the Riviera Levante. 



The most extensive section, particularly for lemons, is in Sicily. 

 The area extends along practically the entire north and east coasts. 

 There are, of course, breaks in this strip, as where the mountains 

 extend abruptly to the sea, or where grapes largely occupy the ter- 

 ritory, as at Milazzo, Carruba, and Riposta, or on the plain south of 

 Catania, where various other crops are grown. The limits of this 

 area are the Gulf of Castellammare on the north and Avola, below 

 Syracuse, on the east coast. Even within these limits lemons do not 

 occur solidly because of the irregularity of the land, lack of water, 

 and unsuitable soil. Most of the lemons are grown in close proximity 

 to the coast, but occasionally they extend inward for several miles, 

 as at Monreale, Alcantara, and Floridia. Occasionally citrus trees 

 will be found in the interior valleys, but here it is largely oranges, 

 probably because of the greater likelihood of frost. 



In the Province of Calabria there is a considerable area of citrus 

 fruit along the coast from Reggio to Rosarno and farther northward 

 and inland at Cantanzaro and Cosenza. The Campania section is 

 situated principally along the coast from Salerno through Majori and 

 Amalfi to Positano. Here the trees are grown on terraces (PL IX, 

 fig. 1), formed on the very abrupt slopes extending upward from the 

 sea. Unlike other sections, also, the trees are covered with trellis, 

 on which, during the winter for protection against frost and wind, 

 is placed straw and brush. The Riviera section consists of a narrow 

 and much broken strip extending from Ventimiglia on the French 

 border to Spezia. 



METHODS OP HANDLING CROP. 



Lemons in Sicily are harvested practically every month in the 

 year, the heaviest shipments occurring in the spring and early summer, 

 while the fewest shipments occur during the month of August. The 

 number of pickings in any particular grove is from four to six. The 

 lemons are broken from the tree by hand, leaving two or three inches 



