BULLETIN OF THE 



UMfffiMA«aiI 



No. 139 



Contribution from the Forest Service, Henry S. Graves, Forester. 

 December 4, 1914. 



(PROFESSIONAL PAPER.) 



NORWAY PINE IN THE LAKE STATES. 1 



By Theodore S. Woolsey, Jr., Assistant District Forester, District 3, and Herman 

 H. Chapman, Professor, Yale Forest School. 



CONTENTS. 



Importance in forest management . 

 Botanical and commercial range. . . 



Climate, topography, and soil 



Gross botanical characteristics 



Habit and root system 



Size and longevity 



Tolerance 



Reproduction 



Susceptibility to injury 



The wood' 



Forest types 



Competition with other species 



Supply and cut 



Grades 



Prices 



Markets 



Uses 



Growth and yield 



Management 



Appendix 



IMPORTANCE OF NORWAY PINE IN FOREST MANAGEMENT. 



Norway pine, or red pine as it is sometimes called, is a tree whose 

 importance is certain to increase. Even now it is important com- 

 mercially. From the standpoint of forest management, however, its 

 special value lies in the fact that it makes better growth on poor soils 

 than does its associate, white pine; it prunes itself of branches earlier, 

 is more hardy, is freer from injury by insects or fungi, and ranges over 

 as wide a territory. Looking into the future, therefore, when the 

 depletion of the present stand will make it necessary to rely upon trees 

 that can produce merchantable timber on poor, sandy soils unsuited for 

 agriculture, Norway pine, as its good qualities become better known, 

 will be one of the few important trees of the Northeastern and Lake 

 States, especially for reforestation. In past reforestation work it has 

 often been discriminated against in favor of Scotch pine, the seed of 



1 The discussion of "Growth and Yield" and the "Appendix" are the work of Prof. Chapman. 



In the main this bulletin presents the results of field work conducted under the supervision of the authors, 

 and data collected by them through correspondence. Forest Service file data were also drawn upon, 

 as were several unpublished reports, among them one by Mr. E. M. Griffith, State forester of Wisconsin. 

 The manuscript was read by Mr. William T. Cox, State forester of Minnesota, and by Forest Supervisors 

 C. E. Marshall and W. B. Piper. 



Note. — The manuscript describes the life history of the Norway pine, its requirement upon soil, mois- 

 ture, and climate, its rate of growth and yield, and the best methods for its management. 



As this tree is already commercially important, and this importance is certain to increase, the informa- 

 tion presented is valuable for foresters, lumbermen, and forest owners, especially as, when the present 

 stand of timber has been depleted and dependence must rest on trees which will produce merchantable 

 timber on poor sandy soils unsuited for agriculture, the Norway pine will be found to be one of the few 

 important trees of the Northwestern and Lake States. 



55040°— Bull. 139—14 1 



