WOEWAY PINE IN THE LAKE STATES. 15 



shipping boxes, and less frequently for shingles and water pipes. 

 The better grades are used for farm implements, planing-mill prod- 

 ucts, furniture, car construction, panels, screens, doors and sash, and 

 when treated with preservatives for poles, posts, and ties. The 

 Chicago & North Western Kailway is authority for the statement that 

 Norway pine piling, where below the water and moisture line, gives 

 excellent service, since the wood does not splinter badly under ordi- 

 nary driving. During 1911 and 1912 over 20,000 pieces of piling, 

 from 40 to 64 feet long, were sold on the Minnesota Forest at from 

 $16 to $20 on the stump. When used for bridge piling above ground 

 the sapwood rots quickly unless treated. Norway pine paving 

 blocks, impregnated with 16 pounds of oil per cubic foot have given 

 excellent results in Minneapolis. 1 While experiments with the pav- 

 ing blocks are still in progress, it has already been established that 

 Norway pine, though slightly inferior to longleaf pine, is fully equal 

 to western larch and white birch as a paving material. There is no 

 positive record of the wood's value for pulp. The stumps yield 

 turpentine, and are a satisfactory raw material for distillation. 

 Other parts of the tree are not considered sufficiently resinous for 

 the purpose. 2 A company in Michigan reports a yield of 8 gallons of 

 turpentine and 270 pounds grade F rosin per cord of 4,000 pounds 

 of stump wood. In Wisconsin about 61 per cent of the local output 

 and importations of Norway pine are used for boxes and 23 per cent 

 for sash, doors, blinds, and interior and exterior finish. In Michigan 

 about 42 per cent goes into planing-mill supplies, and 24 per cent 

 into boxes and crates. In Minnesota the most important uses of 

 Norway pine are for gates and fencing, and for paving. 



GROWTH AND YIELD. 



HEIGHT GROWTH. 



Norway pine makes an average height growth of 1 foot per year 

 until it reaches an age between 60 and 70 years. From that time on 

 the height growth gradually falls off, until at the age of from 100 to 

 110 years it practically ceases. The crown of the tree then assumes 

 a broad flat shape. 



When planted together with white pine, the height growth of Nor- 

 way exceeds that of the former for the first few years by from 3 to 5 

 feet. This initial advantage soon disappears, however, since the 

 white pine maintains its height growth to a greater age. Jack pine 

 grows much faster than either Norway or white pine for the first two 

 decades, a characteristic which in many instances enables it to over- 



1 For more detailed information, see Forest Service Circular 194, "Progress Report on Wood Paving 

 Experiments in Minneapolis," also Municipal Engineering, Vol. XXXIV, p. 14. 



2 For further information see Forest Service Circular 114, "Wood Distillation." 



