34 BULLETIN 139, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



APPENDIX. 



VOLUME TABLES. 



The tables which follow are based on volume analyses taken in 

 Minnesota and Wisconsin, chiefly under the supervision of E. S. 

 Bruce, expert lumberman. The board-foot volumes were calculated 

 by the Scribner Rule, decimal C. In these tables no allowance has 

 been made for defect, which must be estimated in the forest. The top 

 cutting limit used was 6 inches inside bark. 



Table 18 gives the volume in board feet for trees of all diameters, 

 and for 16-foot logs and half lengths or 8 foot differences in merchant- 

 able height. The extremely large number of trees upon which the 

 table is based (4,282 trees) makes its contents very reliable. The 

 average stump height of the trees analyzed was 2 feet; the top diam- 

 eter inside bark 6 inches. Usually 0.3 of a foot was allowed for 

 trimming. 



Table 18. — Volume of red vine in board feet on basis of diameter, merchantable length in 



16-foot logs. 



Diameter 

 breast- 

 high 

 (inches). 



Number of 16-foot logs. 



1 



ii 



2 



2J 



3 



3J 



4 



4J 



5 



5i 



6 



6i 



7 













Volun 



ie (boar 



dfeet). 













8 



20 

 20 

 20 

 20 

 20 

 20 

 20 



30 

 34 

 41 

 42 

 52 

 56 

 63 

 71 

 78 



40 

 48 

 57 

 62 

 74 

 83 

 96 

 110 

 120 

 130 

 140 



53 

 63 

 73 

 83 

 96 

 110 

 120 

 140 

 150 

 170 

 190 

 200 

 220 





















9 



77 

 89 

 100 

 120 

 130 

 150 

 170 

 190 

 210 

 230 

 260 

 290 

 310 

 340 

 380 

 420 



















10 



100 

 120 

 140 

 160 

 180 

 200 

 230 

 250 

 280 

 320 

 350 

 390 

 430 

 480 

 530 

 600 

 660 

 720 

 790 

















11 



140 



160 

 180 

 210 

 230 

 260 

 300 

 330 

 380° 

 420 

 470 

 520 

 570 

 630 

 700 

 760 

 830 

 900 

 960 

 1,030 

 1,100 















12 



190 



210 



240 



270 



300 



340 



380 



430 



490 



540 



600 



660 



730 



790 



860 



940 



1,010 



1,080 



1,160 



1,240 



1,330 



1,420 



1,520 













13 



240 



270 



300 



340 



390 



440 



490 



550 



610 



680 



740 



820 



890 



960 



1,040 



1,120 



1,200 



1,300 



1,390 



1,490 



1,590 



1,710 











14 











15 



340 



380 



430 



490 



550 



620 



680 



750 



820 



900 



980 



1,060 



1,140 



1,230 



1,330 



1,430 



1,530 



1,650 



1,770 



1,900 









16 









17 



480 



550 



620 



680 



750 



820 



890 



970 



1,060 



1,140 



1,210 



1,350 



1,450 



1,570 



1,690 



1,820 



1,950 



2,090 







18 











19 







680 



750 



820 



890 



960 



1,040 



1,130 



1,230 



1,330 



1,450 



1,580 



1,710 



1,840 



1,980 



2,130 



2,280 





20 









820 



21 









880 



22 











950 



23 











1,030 



24 











1,110 



25 











1,200 



2(5 













1,310 



27 













1,430 



28 













1,560 



29 













1,700 



30 















1,850 



31 















2,000 



32 















2,140 



33 

















2,300 



31 

















2,480 



















The use of total heights instead of merchantable height is possible 

 with a species as regular in form and as free from heavy top branches 

 as is the Norway pine. Where this is done, the error arising from 

 failure to employ the top diameters used in timber estimating, can 

 not affect the results beyond the amount of the difference in the 

 used volume or waste in the tops. Total height is a more accurate 

 basis for estimating volumes than arbitrary merchantable heights 



