2.) BULLETIN 142, U. S. DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTURE. 



feet is a brown or yellowish-brown silty clay loam, which is in most 

 cases underlain by a heterogeneous mixture of sand, gravel, clay, and 

 bowlders. Gravel and bowlders in varying quantities are also scat- 

 tered over the surface and mixed with both soil and subsoil. In 

 some cases the type occurs over small hills, and in such positions it is 

 underlain at shallow depths by limestone. 



The topography varies considerably, although over most of the 

 areas it is rolling to hilly. On the steeper slopes it is necessary to 

 leave this type in grass or in forest in order to prevent erosion. 

 These features are shown in Plate III-, figure 2. The natural drain- 

 age of the type is good, and in places where the gravel beds or the 

 underlying rocks are near the surface it is excessive, causing the soil 

 to be droughty in years of light rainfall. 



The Miami gravelly loam is derived from glacial till, or partially 

 reworked glacial till occurring in the form of glacial moraines, 

 kames, and eskers. In some places where the covering of glacial ma- 

 terial is shallow the underlying rock has contributed limestone frag- 

 ments, at least to the lower subsoil. 



The type was originally forested with a growth consisting chiefly 

 of maple and oak, with some hickory. 



Where the soil and subsoil have a total depth of 24 inches or more 

 and where the surface slopes are not too steep, fair average yields 

 are produced during seasons of normal rainfall. Where the surface 

 covering is less than 2 feet either over the gravel or the underlying 

 limestone, crop yields are low, and such areas are of greater value for 

 grazing than for the production of cultivated crops. Corn, oats, 

 barley, and mixed hay are the chief crops on the tilled areas. The 

 rougher areas are utilized chiefly for permanent pasture and farm 

 woodlots. Not over one-half of the type is used for crop production. 



MIAMI GRAVELLY SANDY LOAM. 



The Miami gravelly sandy loam" has a total area of 66,944 acres 

 m Jefferson and Waukesha Counties, Wis. 



The surface soil of this type, extending to a depth of 8 to 10 

 inches, consists of a light-brown sandy loam. Where typically de- 

 veloped the soil is friable and rather loose. Varying quantities of 

 gravel and numerous bowlders are found in the surface soil. The 

 larger bowlders are usually removed from cultivated areas. The 

 subsoil to a depth of about 2 feet is a reddish-brown or yellowish- 

 brown gritty clay loam. This is generally underlain by a mass of 

 gravel, cobblestones, and bowlders. The stony material largely con- 

 sists of limestone. 



The topography of the Miami gravelly sandy loam ranges from 

 rolling to ridged and hilly. The material is derived chiefly from 



