50 BULLETIN 142, TJ. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



type of soil. It is only on the more rolling and better-drained up- 

 lands, where both surface and internal drainage are well established 

 and where the air drainage over the orchard sites is good that apple 

 orcharding upon a commercial scale should be undertaken. Lower 

 lying areas where water drainage is interrupted or where the air 

 does not circulate freely should be avoided for any extensive apple 

 planting. The varieties best suited to this type are the old standard 

 northern winter apples, the Rhode Island Greening and the Northern 

 Spy. Of these varieties the soil is probably best adapted to the 

 Greening. Although other varieties may be grown, these are prefer- 

 able for commercial plantings. 



The soil is altogether too heavy and the subsoil too dense for the 

 production of peaches. Upon well-drained areas of the Miami clay 

 loam the small fruits, particularly raspberries, currants, and straw- 

 berries, do well and may be grown successfully not only for home 

 supply but also for near-by city markets. 



There has been very little development of market gardening or 

 trucking on this type, with the single exception of a locality in 

 central Indiana, where tomatoes and green peas are the principal 

 crops grown. There is an excellent opportunity for the production 

 of cabbage and even of onions upon the lower lying portions of the 

 type, especially where the dark-colored muck soil, which is frequently 

 found in the hollows within the area of the type, has a depth of 6 to 

 8 inches or more. 



In general, however, the Miami clay loam is too valuable as a grass 

 and grain producing soil to be devoted to special crops, except in 

 cases where local market demands are unusually strong, or where 

 there are exceptional opportunities for rapid transportation to the 

 larger cities. 



As a result of the crop adaptations of the Miami clay loam, the 

 proper disposal of the farm crops annually produced has led the 

 majority of farmers into some form of animal production to sup- 

 plement the sale of corn, or wheat, or other grain crops. In some 

 parts of Ohio and in southern Michigan dairying constitutes the 

 chief means of such crop disposal. Both corn and hay are exten- 

 sively fed to dairy cows, while the areas of pasture are utilized 

 for the summer production of milk. A part of the milk is shipped 

 to the large cities, but the greater part of it is sold to local cream- 

 eries and cheese factories. In this connection young stock, includ- 

 ing calves and swine in large numbers, are fed for the purpose of 

 a supplementary sale of beef, veal, and pork. In central Indiana 

 and west-central Ohio the fattening of beef cattle is an important 

 industry on this type. It is within the area ocupied by the Miami 

 clay loam also that the principal sheep-breeding industry still main- 

 tained in the Eastern States is located. The sheep are now kept 



